Abstract
The lateral root (LR) is an essential component of the plant root system, performing important functions for nutrient and water uptake in plants and playing a pivotal role in cereal crop productivity. Nitrate (NO3−) is an essential nutrient for plants. In this study, wheat plants were grown in 1/2 strength Hoagland’s solution containing 5 mM NO3− (check; CK), 0.1 mM NO3− (low NO3−; LN), or 0.1 mM NO3− plus 60 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) (LNT). The results showed that LN increased the LR number significantly at 48 h after treatment compared with CK, while not increasing the root biomass, and LNT significantly decreased the LR number and root biomass. The transcriptomic analysis showed that LN induced the expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodeling, and it was suppressed in the LNT conditions. A physiological assay revealed that the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots, whereas the content of polysaccharides in the LRP cell wall was significantly decreased compared with the control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic microscopy revealed that the content of cell wall polysaccharides decreased and the cell wall elasticity of LR primordia (LRP) increased under the LN conditions. The effects of LN on IAA synthesis and polar transport, cell wall remodeling, and LR development were abolished when TIBA was applied. Our findings indicate that NO3− starvation may improve auxin homeostasis and the biological properties of the LRP cell wall and thus promote LR initiation, while TIBA addition dampens the effects of LN on auxin signaling, gene expression, physiological processes, and the root architecture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate (LN) significantly increased the lateral root number at 48 h compared with the 5 mM nitrate control.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 0.1 mM NO3−e1
- Outcome
- LR numbere3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- 5 mM NO3− (check; CK)e1
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e1“5 mM NO3− (check; CK), 0.1 mM NO3− (low NO3−; LN)”
e3“LN increased the LR number significantly at 48 h after treatment compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate did not increase root biomass in wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.1 mM NO3−e1
- Outcome
- root biomasse4
- Direction
- not increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e1“5 mM NO3− (check; CK), 0.1 mM NO3− (low NO3−; LN)”
e4“while not increasing the root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
LNT, which adds TIBA to low nitrate, significantly decreased the lateral root number and root biomass.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)e2
- Outcome
- LR number and root biomasse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e2“0.1 mM NO3− plus 60 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) (LNT)”
e5“LNT significantly decreased the LR number and root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate induced the expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis, transport and cell wall remodelling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.1 mM NO3−e1
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodelinge6
- Direction
- inducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e1“5 mM NO3− (check; CK), 0.1 mM NO3− (low NO3−; LN)”
e6“LN induced the expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodeling, and it was suppressed in the LNT conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA suppressed the low-nitrate induced expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis, transport and cell wall remodelling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)e2
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodelinge6
- Direction
- suppressede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e2“0.1 mM NO3− plus 60 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) (LNT)”
e6“LN induced the expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodeling, and it was suppressed in the LNT conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes in the roots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- LN conditionse7
- Outcome
- activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e7“the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate increased the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA in the roots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- LN conditionse7
- Outcome
- concentrations of tryptophan and IAAe7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e7“the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate increased the activity of cell wall remodelling enzymes in the roots.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- LN conditionse7
- Outcome
- activity of cell wall remodeling enzymese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e7“the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate significantly decreased the content of polysaccharides in the lateral root primordia cell wall compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LN conditionse7
- Outcome
- content of polysaccharides in the LRP cell walle2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e7“the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots”
e2“the content of polysaccharides in the LRP cell wall was significantly decreased compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrate increased the cell wall elasticity of lateral root primordia.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LN conditionse4
- Outcome
- cell wall elasticity of LR primordiae4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e4“the cell wall elasticity of LR primordia (LRP) increased under the LN conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA abolished the effects of low nitrate on IAA synthesis and polar transport, cell wall remodelling and lateral root development.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TIBAe5
- Outcome
- effects of LN on IAA synthesis and polar transport, cell wall remodeling, and LR developmente5
- Direction
- abolishede5
- Comparator
- LNe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e5“The effects of LN on IAA synthesis and polar transport, cell wall remodeling, and LR development were abolished when TIBA was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate starvation may improve auxin homeostasis and the cell wall of lateral root primordia, and thus promote lateral root initiation.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NO3− starvatione5
- Outcome
- LR initiatione5
- Qualifier
- may improve auxin homeostasise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling”
e5“Our findings indicate that NO3− starvation may improve auxin homeostasis and the biological properties of the LRP cell wall and thus promote LR initiation”
The same questions in other papers
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.