Abstract
Maize fall army worm is an invasive insect which entered India in 2018 through Karnataka state. It’s damage starts from seedling stage itself which when neglected results in complete crop failure. As it damages the maize crop by remaining hidden in leaf whorls and cobs, it’s management turns to be difficult with even newer group of insecticides. Search for promising botanicals that not only cause larval mortality, but also with antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects fits well in to the IPM of this insect. In this direction, Annona squamosa (seed extract SE), Zingiber officinale (rhizome extract - RE), leaf extract (LE) of Lantana camara, Agave americana and Eclipta prostata were screened. Cumulative mortality of fall army worm larvae was 100% in Agave americana 5% LE. But, mortality caused by this treatment in first two days was very minimal. The next best was A. squamosa 5% SE with 74.0% cumulative mortality and was on par with Azardirachtin 1% (73.4%). However, mortality effect of A. squamosa 5% SE started at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) itself. At 48 HAT also, A. squamosa 5% SE recorded higher FAW larval mortality. Highest antifeedant index was recorded with A. squamosa 5% SE (84.71) followed by Azardirachtin 1% (74.31). In A. americana 5% and standard check, Azadirachtin 1%, all the larvae were dead after four days. In the rest of the treatments, minimum weight gain by FAW larvae was observed in A. squamosa 5% SE. Larval duration was prolonged in A. squamosa 5% SE (25.33 days) and Z. officinale 5% RE (23.17 days) and in untreated control, 15.17 days was the FAW larval period. Pupal weight was minimum (150 mg) in A. squamosa 5% SE and Z. officinale 5% RE (159.88 mg) while in untreated control, it was 237.29 mg. In these treatments, pupal duration, pupation per cent and adult emergence per cent were also less.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Agave americana 5% leaf extract caused 100% cumulative larval mortality, with minimal mortality in the first two days.
- Treatment
- Agave americana 5% LEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdat0pest - Outcome
- Cumulative mortality of fall army worm larvaee0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- first two dayse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative mortality of fall army worm larvae was 100% in Agave americana 5% LE. But, mortality caused by this treatment in first two days was very minimal”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract caused 74.0% cumulative mortality, on par with Azardirachtin 1%.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- cumulative mortalitye0
- Direction
- on pare0
- Value
- 74.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 73.4%e0
- Comparator
- Azardirachtin 1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. squamosa 5% SE with 74.0% cumulative mortality and was on par with Azardirachtin 1% (73.4%)”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract began causing mortality at 24 HAT and recorded higher larval mortality at 48 HAT.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- FAW larval mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 48 HATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality effect of A. squamosa 5% SE started at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) itself. At 48 HAT also, A. squamosa 5% SE recorded higher FAW larval mortality”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract gave the highest antifeedant index of 84.71.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- antifeedant indexe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 84.71e0
- Qualifier
- 74.31e0
- Comparator
- Azardirachtin 1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest antifeedant index was recorded with A. squamosa 5% SE (84.71) followed by Azardirachtin 1% (74.31)”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
All larvae were dead after four days with A. americana 5%.
- Treatment
- A. americana 5%e0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- all the larvae were deade0
- Qualifier
- after four dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In A. americana 5% and standard check, Azadirachtin 1%, all the larvae were dead after four days”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
All larvae were dead after four days with Azadirachtin 1%.
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin 1%e0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- all the larvae were deade0
- Qualifier
- after four dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In A. americana 5% and standard check, Azadirachtin 1%, all the larvae were dead after four days”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract minimized FAW larval weight gain among remaining treatments.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- weight gain by FAW larvaee0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum weight gain by FAW larvae was observed in A. squamosa 5% SE”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract prolonged larval duration to 25.33 days versus 15.17 days untreated.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- Larval duratione0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 25.33 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 15.17 dayse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval duration was prolonged in A. squamosa 5% SE (25.33 days) and Z. officinale 5% RE (23.17 days) and in untreated control, 15.17 days was the FAW larval period”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. officinale 5% rhizome extract prolonged larval duration to 23.17 days versus 15.17 days untreated.
- Treatment
- Z. officinale 5% REe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- Larval duratione0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 23.17 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 15.17 dayse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval duration was prolonged in A. squamosa 5% SE (25.33 days) and Z. officinale 5% RE (23.17 days) and in untreated control, 15.17 days was the FAW larval period”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa 5% seed extract reduced pupal weight to 150 mg versus 237.29 mg untreated.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SEe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- Pupal weighte0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 150 mge0
- Qualifier
- 237.29 mge0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pupal weight was minimum (150 mg) in A. squamosa 5% SE and Z. officinale 5% RE (159.88 mg) while in untreated control, it was 237.29 mg”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. officinale 5% rhizome extract reduced pupal weight to 159.88 mg versus 237.29 mg untreated.
- Treatment
- Z. officinale 5% REe0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- Pupal weighte0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 159.88 mge0
- Qualifier
- 237.29 mge0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pupal weight was minimum (150 mg) in A. squamosa 5% SE and Z. officinale 5% RE (159.88 mg) while in untreated control, it was 237.29 mg”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
In the A. squamosa and Z. officinale treatments, pupal duration, pupation and adult emergence were lower.
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 5% SE and Z. officinale 5% REe1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdat0pest
- Outcome
- pupal duration, pupation per cent and adult emergence per cente0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these treatments, pupal duration, pupation per cent and adult emergence per cent were also less”
e1“A. squamosa 5% SE and Z. officinale 5% RE”
t0“maize fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda”
The same questions in other papers
azadirachtin · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →botanical · Spodoptera frugiperda · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
48 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.