Improving growth and productivity of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) applied using organic and inorganic fertilizer

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to identify and examine organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and productivity of shallots. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out under field conditions in the research and application fields of Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The main plot is the liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) consisting of control, 10 mL/L, and 20 mL/L. The subplots, namely the zwavelzure ammonium (ZA) fertilizer, consist of control, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 150 kg/ha. Results: Based on the research conducted, it can be seen that the interaction between the application of LOF (20 mL/L) and ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) recorded the highest average fresh bulb weight (145.60 g). Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants. On the other hand, ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) influences plant height (44.03 cm at 42 DAP), number of leaves (26.67), production per hectare (20.96 t), and chlorophyll index (20.64) of shallot plants. Conclusion: The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers has a significant influence on the growth and production of shallot plants, both in interaction and individually.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined LOF and ZA gave the highest fresh bulb weight, 145.60 g.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L) and ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha)e0
Outcome: fresh bulb weighte0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 145.60 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Allium cepa var. aggregatum* · TaxonEvan-Amos · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“the interaction between the application of LOF (20 mL/L) and ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) recorded the highest average fresh bulb weight (145.60 g)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 571–715 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased plant height to 23.50 cm at 21 DAP.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 23.50 cme0
Qualifier: 21 days after planting (DAP)e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP))”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–820 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased leaf number to 25.60 at 35 DAP.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: number of leavese0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 25.60e0
Qualifier: 35 DAPe0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–994 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased bulb number to 10.93.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: number of bulbse0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 10.93e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–994 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased bulb diameter to 2.77 cm.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: bulb diametere0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 2.77 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–994 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased production per hectare to 21.91 t.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: production per hectaree0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 21.91 te0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–994 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

LOF at 20 mL/L increased chlorophyll index to 20.48.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: LOF (20 mL/L)e0
Outcome: chlorophyll indexe0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 20.48e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applying LOF (20 mL/L) can increase the average plant height (23.50 cm at 21 days after planting (DAP)), number of leaves (25.60 at 35 DAP), the number of bulbs (10.93), bulb diameter (2.77 cm), production per hectare (21.91 t), and chlorophyll index (20.48) of shallot plants.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–994 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ZA at 150 kg/ha affected height, leaf number, production and chlorophyll index.

Taxon: shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
Treatment: ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha)e0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Value: 44.03 cme0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“ZA fertilizer (150 kg/ha) influences plant height (44.03 cm at 42 DAP), number of leaves (26.67), production per hectare (20.96 t), and chlorophyll index (20.64)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1014–1175 · show in text ↑

t0
“shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–68 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ

81 papers: 71 positive, 10 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Nitrogen source and rate had only minor effects on leaf area and storage potential.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Onion Yield Increased with a Polymer-coated Nitrogen Source · 2002
Opposite direction
negative
Increased nitrogen slightly delayed bulb development.
The phenology of onion bulb development at different sites and its relevance to incomplete bulbing (‘thick-necking’) · 1987
Opposite direction
no effect
The nitrogen by spacing interaction did not significantly affect stem diameter.
Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield and Yield Component of Shallot (Allium ascalonium L.) · 2015
Opposite direction

77 papers more in this group

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fertilization · physiology: pigments · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 17 positive, 1 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

no effect
Cow manure at 10, 20 or 30 t/ha did not significantly change total chlorophyll content, leaf number or total dry weight per plant compared with no fertilization.
Physiological properties, growth, and yield of shallot (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum) in coastal sand land with inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum and cow manure · 2018 · compared with without fertilization
Opposite direction
positive
Combined vermicompost and NPK increased onion leaf biochemical characteristics.
Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility · 2011
Same direction
positive
AMF inoculation with phosphorus fertilizer increased onion chlorophyll content.
Use of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization to improve the yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) plant · 2021
Same direction

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nitrogen · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

184 papers: 157 positive, 27 negative or no effect

156 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
High combined nitrogen and sulphur rates had an antagonistic effect on bulb nutrient uptake, yield components and yield.
Nutrient uptake and yield of onion as influenced by nitrogen and sulphur fertilization · 2008
Opposite direction
negative
Total yield at the lowest nitrogen rate was lower than at higher rates.
Bolting, Yield, and Bulb Decay of Sweet Onion as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization · 2003 · compared with higher N rates
Opposite direction
negative
Onion yield decreased by 95 Mg·ha -1 for each 25% increase in the proportion of urea in fertilizer blends.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Onion Yield Increased with a Polymer-coated Nitrogen Source · 2002
Opposite direction

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fertilization · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

294 papers: 251 positive, 43 negative or no effect

250 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
The combination of CRI fertilizer and AM inoculation did not increase onion root growth.
Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices · 2004
Opposite direction
no effect
Onion height and weight were similar under Peters and Sea Tea.
Organic Vegetable Transplant Production · 2005
Opposite direction
no effect
CMC rates did not affect bulb dry weight or bulb and leaf N and P concentrations.
Evaluation of Composted Cattle Manure Rate on Bulb Onion Grown with Reduced Rates of Chemical Fertilizer · 2012
Opposite direction

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fertilization · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

530 papers: 464 positive, 66 negative or no effect

463 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Liquid organic fertilizer supported shallot flowering with a maximum of eight flowers.
Potential of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Flowering, Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum) and Soil Quality · 2022
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Onion yield decreased by 95 Mg·ha -1 for each 25% increase in the proportion of urea in fertilizer blends.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Onion Yield Increased with a Polymer-coated Nitrogen Source · 2002
Opposite direction
no effect
Yield and grade did not respond to N rate or its interaction with population.
Plant Population and Nitrogen Fertilization for Subsurface Drip-irrigated Onion · 2004
Opposite direction

526 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 8

The same questions in other papers

nitrogen · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results