Abstract
Introduction Canola ( Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Turnip yellows virus (TuYV), transmitted by aphids, is one of the most damaging viruses affecting canola crops and is challenging to control. With the prediction of more intense and prolonged drought events due to future climate change, an additional factor may extensively impact the epidemiology of plant diseases. This study aimed to understand the impact of drought on canola plants infected with TuYV and to explore the relationship between virus infection and drought. Methods Two glasshouse experiments were conducted: 1. Competition: Four plants (two infected, two non-infected) were grown in the same pot. 2. No Competition: One plant was grown per pot. In both experiments, infected and non-infected canola plants were exposed to well-watered conditions, water stress (simulated drought), and terminal drought. Various plant traits were recorded, including biomass, leaf area, height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, and virus symptom expression. Results Both virus infection and water stress reduced dry biomass, leaf area, and height. Virus infection alone reduced canola biomass by up to 49% compared to non-infected, well-watered controls. Under water stress or terminal drought, the biomass of TuYV-infected plants was further reduced by up to 71% and 65%, respectively. Virus infection also reduced the number of leaves, although water treatment alone did not. Chlorophyll content was higher in water-stressed and terminal drought plants compared to well-watered ones, while virus infection reduced chlorophyll content. The impact of drought and virus infection was more pronounced when plants were under competition. Discussion Given the expected increase in prolonged and frequent droughts in many canola-growing regions due to climate change, a significant detrimental effect on canola production due to the combined influence of drought and TuYV is anticipated. This study underscores the need for developing mitigation strategies to protect canola production in a changing climate.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection and water stress each reduced canola dry biomass, leaf area, and height.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- virus infection and water stresse0
- Outcome
- dry biomass, leaf area, and heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Both virus infection and water stress reduced dry biomass, leaf area, and height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection alone reduced canola biomass by up to 49% versus non-infected, well-watered controls.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Virus infectione0
- Interactor
- Viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- canola biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 49%e0
- Comparator
- non-infected, well-watered controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Virus infection alone reduced canola biomass by up to 49% compared to non-infected, well-watered controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water stress, infected canola biomass was further reduced by up to 71%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Interactor
- TuYVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- biomass of TuYV-infected plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Under water stress or terminal drought, the biomass of TuYV-infected plants was further reduced by up to 71% and 65%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under terminal drought, infected canola biomass was further reduced by up to 65%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- terminal droughte0
- Interactor
- TuYVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- biomass of TuYV-infected plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Under water stress or terminal drought, the biomass of TuYV-infected plants was further reduced by up to 71% and 65%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection reduced the number of canola leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Virus infectione0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Virus infection also reduced the number of leaves, although water treatment alone did not.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water treatment alone did not reduce canola leaf number.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- water treatment alonee0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Virus infection also reduced the number of leaves, although water treatment alone did not.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress and terminal drought increased canola chlorophyll content relative to well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- water-stressed and terminal droughte0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- well-watered onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“Chlorophyll content was higher in water-stressed and terminal drought plants compared to well-watered ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus infection reduced canola chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- virus infectione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“virus infection reduced chlorophyll content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition made the joint impact of drought and virus infection on canola more pronounced.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- drought and virus infectione0
- Outcome
- impact of drought and virus infectione0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- under competitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“canola”
e0“The impact of drought and virus infection was more pronounced when plants were under competition.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.