Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes lethal bacterial wilt diseases in numerous crops, resulting in considerable yield losses. Harnessing genetic resistance is desirable for safeguarding plants against phytopathogens. However, genetic resources resistant to bacterial wilt are limited in crops. RipE1, a conserved type Ⅲ effector with cysteine protease activity, is recognized in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, using a virus-induced gene silencing approach, we identified the gene encoding N. benthamiana homolog of Ptr1 (NbPtr1a), a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) recognizing RipE1. Silencing or editing NbPtr1a completely abolished RipE1-induced cell death, indicating recognition of RipE1 by NbPtr1a. Genetic complementation confirmed this recognition, which is conserved across multiple solanaceous plants. Expression of RipE1 in planta or within pathogenic bacteria promoted pathogen colonization of Nbptr1a mutant plants, demonstrating its virulence function independent of NLR recognition. Silencing NbRIN4 enhanced RipE1-induced cell death, while expressing NbRIN4 inhibited it, suggesting that NbRIN4 is involved in recognition of NbPtr1a-RipE1. Furthermore, RipE1 associated with and cleaved NbRIN4, AtRIN4, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlRIN4 proteins through its cysteine protease activity. Silencing NbRIN4 in Nbptr1a mutants did not prevent RipE1 from promoting pathogen colonization, suggesting that NbRIN4 is not the primary target for RipE1-mediated virulence. Additionally, NbRIN4 suppressed self-association of the coiled-coil domain of NbPtr1a, which is critical for NbPtr1a-mediated cell death and resistance. Finally, we demonstrated that activation of NbPtr1a requires RipE1-mediated elimination of NbRIN4. Given the conserved nature of RipE1, Ptr1 holds great potential for protecting crops from diverse R. solanacearum strains and other distinct pathogens.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
NbPtr1a was identified as a receptor recognizing RipE1.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- NbPtr1ae0
- Outcome
- recognizing RipE1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified the gene encoding N. benthamiana homolog of Ptr1 (NbPtr1a), a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) recognizing RipE1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing or editing NbPtr1a abolished RipE1 induced cell death.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Silencing or editing NbPtr1ae0
- Gene
- NbPtr1ae0
- Outcome
- RipE1-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing or editing NbPtr1a completely abolished RipE1-induced cell death, indicating recognition of RipE1 by NbPtr1a.”
e1“we identified the gene encoding N. benthamiana homolog of Ptr1 (NbPtr1a), a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) recognizing RipE1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementation confirmed recognition conserved among solanaceous plants.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic complementation confirmed this recognition, which is conserved across multiple solanaceous plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
RipE1 expression promoted bacterial colonization of Nbptr1a mutant plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Material
- Nbptr1a mutant plantse0
- Treatment
- Expression of RipE1e0
- Gene
- RipE1e0
- Outcome
- pathogen colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of RipE1 in planta or within pathogenic bacteria promoted pathogen colonization of Nbptr1a mutant plants, demonstrating its virulence function independent of NLR recognition.”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRIN4 silencing enhanced RipE1 induced cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRIN4e0
- Gene
- NbRIN4e0
- Outcome
- RipE1-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRIN4 enhanced RipE1-induced cell death, while expressing NbRIN4 inhibited it”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRIN4 expression inhibited RipE1 induced cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- expressing NbRIN4e0
- Gene
- NbRIN4e0
- Outcome
- RipE1-induced cell deathe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRIN4 enhanced RipE1-induced cell death, while expressing NbRIN4 inhibited it”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
RipE1 associated with and cleaved NbRIN4.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbRIN4e0
- Outcome
- associated with and cleaved NbRIN4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipE1 associated with and cleaved NbRIN4, AtRIN4, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlRIN4 proteins through its cysteine protease activity.”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
RipE1 associated with and cleaved AtRIN4.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- AtRIN4e0
- Outcome
- cleaved NbRIN4, AtRIN4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipE1 associated with and cleaved NbRIN4, AtRIN4, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlRIN4 proteins through its cysteine protease activity.”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
RipE1 associated with and cleaved tomato SlRIN4.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- SlRIN4e0
- Outcome
- SlRIN4 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RipE1 associated with and cleaved NbRIN4, AtRIN4, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlRIN4 proteins through its cysteine protease activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRIN4 silencing did not prevent RipE1 promotion of colonization in Nbptr1a mutants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing NbRIN4e0
- Gene
- NbRIN4e0
- Outcome
- pathogen colonizatione0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing NbRIN4 in Nbptr1a mutants did not prevent RipE1 from promoting pathogen colonization, suggesting that NbRIN4 is not the primary target for RipE1-mediated virulence.”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NbRIN4 suppressed self association of the NbPtr1a coiled coil domain.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbRIN4e0
- Outcome
- self-association of the coiled-coil domain of NbPtr1ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NbRIN4 suppressed self-association of the coiled-coil domain of NbPtr1a, which is critical for NbPtr1a-mediated cell death and resistance.”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
RipE1 elimination of NbRIN4 was required to activate NbPtr1a.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbPtr1ae0
- Outcome
- activation of NbPtr1ae0
- Qualifier
- RipE1-mediated elimination of NbRIN4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activation of NbPtr1a requires RipE1-mediated elimination of NbRIN4.”
t0“in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Ptr1 for protection against Ralstonia strains and other pathogens.
Verbatim
e0“Ptr1 holds great potential for protecting crops from diverse R. solanacearum strains and other distinct pathogens.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.