Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling is an early and necessary event in plant immunity. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) kinase Pto triggers localized programmed cell death (PCD) upon recognition of Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB. In a virus-induced gene silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana, we independently identified two components of a Ca(2+)-signaling system, Cbl10 (for calcineurin B-like protein) and Cipk6 (for calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase), as their silencing inhibited Pto/AvrPto-elicited PCD. N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens. Tomato Cipk6 interacts with Cbl10 and its in vitro kinase activity is enhanced in the presence of Cbl10 and Ca(2+), suggesting that tomato Cbl10 and Cipk6 constitute a Ca(2+)-regulated signaling module. Overexpression of tomato Cipk6 in N. benthamiana leaves causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the respiratory burst homolog RbohB. Tomato Cbl10 and Cipk6 interact with RbohB at the plasma membrane. Finally, Cbl10 and Cipk6 contribute to ROS generated during effector-triggered immunity in the interaction of P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 and N. benthamiana. We identify a role for the Cbl/Cipk signaling module in PCD, establishing a mechanistic link between Ca(2+) and ROS signaling in plant immunity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of Cbl10 and Cipk6 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited Pto/AvrPto-elicited programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencinge1
- Gene
- Cbl10e1
- Outcome
- Pto/AvrPto-elicited PCDe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a virus-induced gene silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana, we independently identified two components of a Ca(2+)-signaling system, Cbl10 (for calcineurin B-like protein) and Cipk6 (for calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase), as their silencing inhibited Pto/AvrPto-elicited PCD”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 are required for programmed cell death triggered by other plant resistance genes.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e2
- Outcome
- PCDe2
- Qualifier
- triggered by other plant resistance genese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 are required for programmed cell death triggered by virus effectors.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Interactor
- viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e2
- Outcome
- PCDe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 are required for programmed cell death triggered by oomycete effectors.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Interactor
- oomycetee2pathogen
- Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e2
- Outcome
- PCDe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 are required for programmed cell death triggered by nematode effectors.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e2
- Outcome
- PCDe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 are required for host susceptibility to P. syringae.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae2
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee2pathogen - Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e2
- Outcome
- host susceptibilitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N. benthamiana Cbl10 and Cipk6 are also required for PCD triggered by other plant resistance genes and virus, oomycete, and nematode effectors and for host susceptibility to two P. syringae pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato Cipk6 interacts with Cbl10.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume3 - Gene
- Cipk6e3
- Outcome
- interacts with Cbl10e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Tomato Cipk6 interacts with Cbl10 and its in vitro kinase activity is enhanced in the presence of Cbl10 and Ca(2+)”
Claim · model-written summary
The in vitro kinase activity of tomato Cipk6 is enhanced in the presence of Cbl10 and Ca2+.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Gene
- Cipk6e3
- Outcome
- in vitro kinase activitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- in the presence of Cbl10 and Ca(2+)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Tomato Cipk6 interacts with Cbl10 and its in vitro kinase activity is enhanced in the presence of Cbl10 and Ca(2+)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of tomato Cipk6 in N. benthamiana causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae4
- Treatment
- Overexpression of tomato Cipk6e4
- Gene
- tomato Cipk6e4
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e4
- Direction
- causes accumulatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Overexpression of tomato Cipk6 in N. benthamiana leaves causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the respiratory burst homolog RbohB”
Claim · model-written summary
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species requires RbohB.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae4
- Gene
- RbohBe4
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Overexpression of tomato Cipk6 in N. benthamiana leaves causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the respiratory burst homolog RbohB”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato Cbl10 and Cipk6 interact with RbohB at the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Gene
- RbohBe5
- Outcome
- interact with RbohBe5
- Qualifier
- at the plasma membranee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Tomato Cbl10 and Cipk6 interact with RbohB at the plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Cbl10 and Cipk6 contribute to ROS generated during effector-triggered immunity in the interaction of P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 with N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- P. syringae pv tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringaee6pathogen
- Gene
- Cbl10 and Cipk6e6
- Outcome
- ROS generated during effector-triggered immunitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Finally, Cbl10 and Cipk6 contribute to ROS generated during effector-triggered immunity in the interaction of P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 and N. benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
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