Abstract
Plant pathogens deliver effectors to manipulate host processes. We know little about how fungal and oomycete effectors target host proteins to promote susceptibility, yet such knowledge is vital to understand crop disease. We show that either transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, or stable transgenic expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum), of the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 enhances leaf colonization by the pathogen. Expression of Pi02860 also attenuates cell death triggered by the P. infestans microbe-associated molecular pattern INF1, indicating that the effector suppresses pattern-triggered immunity. However, the effector does not attenuate cell death triggered by Cf4/Avr4 coexpression, showing that it does not suppress all cell death activated by cell surface receptors. Pi02860 interacts in yeast two-hybrid assays with potato NPH3/RPT2-LIKE1 (NRL1), a predicted CULLIN3-associated ubiquitin E3 ligase. Interaction of Pi02860 in planta was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Virus-induced gene silencing of NRL1 in N. benthamiana resulted in reduced P. infestans colonization and accelerated INF1-mediated cell death, indicating that this host protein acts as a negative regulator of immunity. Moreover, whereas NRL1 virus-induced gene silencing had no effect on the ability of the P. infestans effector Avr3a to suppress INF1-mediated cell death, such suppression by Pi02860 was significantly attenuated, indicating that this activity of Pi02860 is mediated by NRL1. Transient overexpression of NRL1 resulted in the suppression of INF1-mediated cell death and enhanced P. infestans leaf colonization, demonstrating that NRL1 acts as a susceptibility factor to promote late blight disease.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pi02860 expression increased P. infestans leaf colonization in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- transient expressione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Gene
- Pi02860e0
- Outcome
- leaf colonization by the pathogene0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, or stable transgenic expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum), of the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 enhances leaf colonization by the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Pi02860 expression increased pathogen colonization in potato.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- stable transgenic expressione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- Pi02860e0
- Outcome
- leaf colonization by the pathogene0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stable transgenic expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum), of the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 enhances leaf colonization by the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Pi02860 attenuated INF1-triggered cell death.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Expression of Pi02860e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- Pi02860e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- attenuatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of Pi02860 also attenuates cell death triggered by the P. infestans microbe-associated molecular pattern INF1”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pi02860 did not attenuate Cf4/Avr4-triggered cell death.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- the effectore0
- Gene
- Cf4/Avr4e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- does not attenuatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effector does not attenuate cell death triggered by Cf4/Avr4 coexpression”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pi02860 interacted with potato NRL1 in yeast and plant assays.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- potato NPH3/RPT2-LIKE1 (NRL1)e0
- Outcome
- Interaction of Pi02860e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pi02860 interacts in yeast two-hybrid assays with potato NPH3/RPT2-LIKE1 (NRL1), a predicted CULLIN3-associated ubiquitin E3 ligase. Interaction of Pi02860 in planta was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 silencing reduced P. infestans colonization.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencing of NRL1e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- NRL1e0
- Outcome
- P. infestans colonizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of NRL1 in N. benthamiana resulted in reduced P. infestans colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 silencing accelerated INF1-mediated cell death.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencing of NRL1e0
- Gene
- NRL1e0
- Outcome
- INF1-mediated cell deathe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of NRL1 in N. benthamiana resulted in reduced P. infestans colonization and accelerated INF1-mediated cell death”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 silencing did not affect Avr3a suppression of INF1-mediated cell death.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- NRL1 virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- ability of the P. infestans effector Avr3a to suppress INF1-mediated cell deathe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NRL1 virus-induced gene silencing had no effect on the ability of the P. infestans effector Avr3a to suppress INF1-mediated cell death”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 silencing significantly attenuated Pi02860 suppression of INF1 cell death.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- NRL1 virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Outcome
- suppression by Pi02860e0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NRL1 virus-induced gene silencing had no effect on the ability of the P. infestans effector Avr3a to suppress INF1-mediated cell death, such suppression by Pi02860 was significantly attenuated”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 overexpression suppressed INF1-mediated cell death.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Transient overexpression of NRL1e0
- Gene
- NRL1e0
- Outcome
- INF1-mediated cell deathe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient overexpression of NRL1 resulted in the suppression of INF1-mediated cell death and enhanced P. infestans leaf colonization”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
NRL1 overexpression increased P. infestans leaf colonization.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Transient overexpression of NRL1e0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- NRL1e0
- Outcome
- P. infestans leaf colonizatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient overexpression of NRL1 resulted in the suppression of INF1-mediated cell death and enhanced P. infestans leaf colonization”
t0“Potato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.