Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) control signaling networks and developmental processes involved in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, making it crucial to study PGRs in vitro. The protocol for micropropagation of Solanum lycopersicum L., following callus induction and regeneration through explants such as internodal segments, leaves, and nodal segments, was established during the present study. Explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators like BA (6-benzylaminopurine), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), BA + 2,4-D, IAA (Indoleacetic acid), IBA (Indolebutyric acid), and NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). It was observed that among all explants, the nodal segment showed maximum callus induction (83.33%) and multiplication (86.67%) at 0.25 mg/l of 2,4-D; the highest shoot number (3.33) at 0.5 mg/l of IAA + 0.5 mg/l of BA; the greatest shoot length (7.57 cm) at 0.75 mg/l of BA; root induction (80.95%), root number (21.88), and root length (10.62 cm) at 1 mg/l of IAA. Additionally, the maximum fresh weight (2.448 g) was observed at 0.5 mg/l of BA, while the highest dry weight (0.172 g) and dry matter content (14.25%) were noted at 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-D for the internodal segment. Results of the present study revealed that among different explants, the best response was given by nodal segments, followed by internodal segments. Among the different PGRs, 2,4-D resulted in the highest callus induction and multiplication percentage.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nodal segments gave maximum callus induction (83.33%) at 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D among all explants.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- nodal segmente1
- Treatment
- 0.25 mg/l of 2,4-De1
- Outcome
- callus inductione1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 83.33%e1
- Comparator
- among all explantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“among all explants, the nodal segment showed maximum callus induction (83.33%) and multiplication (86.67%) at 0.25 mg/l of 2,4-D”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodal segments gave maximum multiplication (86.67%) at 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D among all explants.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- nodal segmente1
- Treatment
- 0.25 mg/l of 2,4-De1
- Outcome
- multiplicatione1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 86.67%e1
- Comparator
- among all explantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“among all explants, the nodal segment showed maximum callus induction (83.33%) and multiplication (86.67%) at 0.25 mg/l of 2,4-D”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest shoot number (3.33) occurred at 0.5 mg/l IAA plus 0.5 mg/l BA.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg/l of IAA + 0.5 mg/l of BAe2
- Outcome
- shoot numbere2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 3.33e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the highest shoot number (3.33) at 0.5 mg/l of IAA + 0.5 mg/l of BA”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest shoot length (7.57 cm) occurred at 0.75 mg/l BA.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.75 mg/l of BAe3
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Value
- 7.57 cme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the greatest shoot length (7.57 cm) at 0.75 mg/l of BA”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root induction (80.95%) was higher at 1 mg/l IAA.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1 mg/l of IAAe4
- Outcome
- root inductione4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 80.95%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“root induction (80.95%), root number (21.88), and root length (10.62 cm) at 1 mg/l of IAA”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root number (21.88) was higher at 1 mg/l IAA.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1 mg/l of IAAe4
- Outcome
- root numbere4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 21.88e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“root induction (80.95%), root number (21.88), and root length (10.62 cm) at 1 mg/l of IAA”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length (10.62 cm) was higher at 1 mg/l IAA.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1 mg/l of IAAe4
- Outcome
- root lengthe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 10.62 cme4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“root induction (80.95%), root number (21.88), and root length (10.62 cm) at 1 mg/l of IAA”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum fresh weight (2.448 g) occurred at 0.5 mg/l BA in internodal segments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodal segmente5
- Treatment
- 0.5 mg/l of BAe5
- Outcome
- fresh weighte5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 2.448 ge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Additionally, the maximum fresh weight (2.448 g) was observed at 0.5 mg/l of BA, while the highest dry weight (0.172 g) and dry matter content (14.25%) were noted at 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-D for the internodal segment”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest dry weight (0.172 g) occurred at 1 mg/l BA plus 1 mg/l 2,4-D in internodal segments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodal segmente5
- Treatment
- 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- dry weighte5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.172 ge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Additionally, the maximum fresh weight (2.448 g) was observed at 0.5 mg/l of BA, while the highest dry weight (0.172 g) and dry matter content (14.25%) were noted at 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-D for the internodal segment”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest dry matter content (14.25%) occurred at 1 mg/l BA plus 1 mg/l 2,4-D in internodal segments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- internodal segmente5
- Treatment
- 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- dry matter contente5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 14.25%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Additionally, the maximum fresh weight (2.448 g) was observed at 0.5 mg/l of BA, while the highest dry weight (0.172 g) and dry matter content (14.25%) were noted at 1 mg/l of BA + 1 mg/l of 2,4-D for the internodal segment”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodal segments gave the best response among explants, followed by internodal segments.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- nodal segmentse6
- Treatment
- different explantse6
- Outcome
- responsee6
- Direction
- beste6
- Comparator
- internodal segmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“among different explants, the best response was given by nodal segments, followed by internodal segments”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D gave the highest callus induction and multiplication percentage among the different plant growth regulators.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De7
- Outcome
- callus induction and multiplication percentagee7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Comparator
- different PGRse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Among the different PGRs, 2,4-D resulted in the highest callus induction and multiplication percentage”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
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