Abstract
An experiment was conducted out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at the Research Farm of Maharana Pratap Univesity of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan to study the effect of nutrient management practices and sowing methods on the development and production of organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design (SPD) with 4 replications. The experiment consisted of 3 sowing methods in main plots, viz. Flat row sowing; FIRB (Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed) sowing; and zero tillage sowing and 8 nutrient management practices, viz. 100% RDN through FYM as basal; RDN through FYM as basal + 50% RDN with first irrigation; 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation; 50% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + 25% RDN with second irrigation; 100% RDN through FYM as basal + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage; 50% RDN through FYM as basal + 50% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage; 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage; 50% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + 25% RDN with second irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage in sub plots. The experimental results revealed that the FIRB sowing method recorded significantly higher plant height at 45 DAS (42.56 and 42.66 cm) during both the years of study over zero tillage sowing method and remain at par with flat row sowing method, respectively. The same sowing method resulted into statistically higher grain yield (42.88 and 43.87 q/ha) and biological yield (106.89 and 108.48 q/ha) compared to flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing methods during both the years, respectively. During the second year of study (2023) significantly highest crop growth rate (CGR) (1.1240 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0083 g/g/day) between 90 DAS to harvest were recorded with flat row sowing over zero tillage sowing and remain at par with FIRB sowing method. Regarding the nutrient management practices the highest plant height (43.43 and 44.51 cm), grain yield (44.52 and 44.84 q/ha) and biological yield (110.35 and 110.58 q/ha) were recorded with 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB sowing plant height at 45 DAS remained at par with flat row sowing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- FIRB sowing methode1
- Outcome
- plant height at 45 DASe0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- flat row sowing methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e1“the FIRB sowing method recorded”
e0“plant height at 45 DAS (42.56 and 42.66 cm) during both the years of study over zero tillage sowing method and remain at par with flat row sowing method”
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB sowing gave statistically higher grain yield (42.88 and 43.87 q/ha in the two years) than flat row and zero tillage sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FIRB sowing methode1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42.88 and 43.87 q/hae0
- Comparator
- flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e1“the FIRB sowing method recorded”
e0“The same sowing method resulted into statistically higher grain yield (42.88 and 43.87 q/ha) and biological yield (106.89 and 108.48 q/ha) compared to flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing methods during both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
FIRB sowing gave statistically higher biological yield (106.89 and 108.48 q/ha in the two years) than flat row and zero tillage sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FIRB sowing methode1
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 106.89 and 108.48 q/hae0
- Comparator
- flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e1“the FIRB sowing method recorded”
e0“The same sowing method resulted into statistically higher grain yield (42.88 and 43.87 q/ha) and biological yield (106.89 and 108.48 q/ha) compared to flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing methods during both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, flat row sowing gave significantly highest crop growth rate (1.1240 g/m2/day) between 90 DAS and harvest compared with zero tillage sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- flat row sowinge0
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR)e0
- Direction
- recordede0
- Value
- 1.1240 g/m2/daye0
- Qualifier
- between 90 DAS to harveste0
- Comparator
- zero tillage sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“crop growth rate (CGR) (1.1240 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0083 g/g/day) between 90 DAS to harvest were recorded with flat row sowing over zero tillage sowing and remain at par with FIRB sowing method”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year, flat row sowing gave significantly highest relative growth rate (0.0083 g/g/day) between 90 DAS and harvest compared with zero tillage sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- flat row sowinge0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- recordede0
- Value
- 0.0083 g/g/daye0
- Qualifier
- between 90 DAS to harveste0
- Comparator
- zero tillage sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“crop growth rate (CGR) (1.1240 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0083 g/g/day) between 90 DAS to harvest were recorded with flat row sowing over zero tillage sowing and remain at par with FIRB sowing method”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth rate and relative growth rate with flat row sowing remained at par with FIRB sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- flat row sowinge0
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR)e0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Comparator
- FIRB sowing methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“crop growth rate (CGR) (1.1240 g/m2/day) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0083 g/g/day) between 90 DAS to harvest were recorded with flat row sowing over zero tillage sowing and remain at par with FIRB sowing method”
Claim · model-written summary
The nutrient practice 75% RDN through FYM basal + 25% RDN at first irrigation + jeevamrit + panchagavya gave the highest plant height (43.43 and 44.51 cm).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stagee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 43.43 and 44.51 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“highest plant height (43.43 and 44.51 cm), grain yield (44.52 and 44.84 q/ha) and biological yield (110.35 and 110.58 q/ha) were recorded with 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The same nutrient practice gave the highest grain yield (44.52 and 44.84 q/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stagee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44.52 and 44.84 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“highest plant height (43.43 and 44.51 cm), grain yield (44.52 and 44.84 q/ha) and biological yield (110.35 and 110.58 q/ha) were recorded with 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The same nutrient practice gave the highest biological yield (110.35 and 110.58 q/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stagee0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 110.35 and 110.58 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“organic wheat”
e0“highest plant height (43.43 and 44.51 cm), grain yield (44.52 and 44.84 q/ha) and biological yield (110.35 and 110.58 q/ha) were recorded with 75% RDN through FYM as basal + 25% RDN with first irrigation + jeevamrit @500 litre/ha at sowing and first irrigation + panchagavya @5% at booting stage”
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