Abstract
This study investigates the effects of combining different nitrogen fertilizers with organic amendments and Azospirillum brasilense on wheat growth, yield, and nutrient uptake in saline calcareous soil, with a goal of enhancing crop productivity while reducing environmental impacts. The objective was to evaluate treatments involving ammonium sulfate (AS), urea, and sulfur-coated urea (SCU), mixed with organic amendments such as Moringa seed residues (MSR), biogas manure (BM), and vermicompost (Ver), along with Azospirillum brasilense (ASB). Among these treatments, SCU emerged as the most effective nitrogen source, especially when combined with Vermicompost and ASB. Key results include the following: the highest Chlorophyll a content of 1.96 mg/g f wt was observed in the SCU treatment with Ver and ASB; Likewise, the same treatment exhibited the highest values of Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline; the tallest plant height (117.50 cm) was also achieved with this combination; and the highest straw and grain weights (2.63 g/plant and 2.22 g/plant, respectively) came from the same treatment. Additionally, this treatment yielded the highest protein content at 19.29%. In terms of nutrient uptake, SCU-based treatments consistently demonstrated the highest values. The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1, phosphorus uptake at 12.86 mg plant−1, and potassium uptake at 61.66 mg plant−1. Similarly, this combination yielded the highest N, P, and K uptake in grains, with 68.05, 10.88, and 53.15 mg plant-1, respectively. e
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur-coated urea was the most effective nitrogen source, especially with vermicompost and ASB.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- SCUe0
- Outcome
- most effective nitrogen sourcee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCU emerged as the most effective nitrogen source, especially when combined with Vermicompost and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB produced the highest chlorophyll a content, 1.96 mg/g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll a contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.96 mg/g f wte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest Chlorophyll a content of 1.96 mg/g f wt was observed in the SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same SCU, Ver, and ASB treatment gave the highest chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and proline values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe1
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and prolinee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same treatment exhibited the highest values of Chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proline”
e1“SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB yielded the tallest plants, at 117.50 cm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 117.50 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tallest plant height (117.50 cm) was also achieved with this combination”
e1“SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave the highest straw weight, 2.63 g/plant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe1
- Outcome
- strawe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.63 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest straw and grain weights (2.63 g/plant and 2.22 g/plant, respectively) came from the same treatment”
e1“SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave the highest grain weight, 2.22 g/plant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe1
- Outcome
- grain weightse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.22 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest straw and grain weights (2.63 g/plant and 2.22 g/plant, respectively) came from the same treatment”
e1“SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB yielded the highest protein content, 19.29%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU treatment with Ver and ASBe1
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19.29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment yielded the highest protein content at 19.29%”
e1“SCU treatment with Ver and ASB”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU-based treatments showed the highest nutrient uptake values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU-based treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee1
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCU-based treatments consistently demonstrated the highest values”
e1“In terms of nutrient uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave the highest straw nitrogen uptake, 78.64 mg plant−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU with Ver + ASB treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake in strawe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 78.64 mg plant−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave straw phosphorus uptake of 12.86 mg plant−1, among the highest uptake values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- SCU with Ver + ASB treatmente0
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12.86 mg plant−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1, phosphorus uptake at 12.86 mg plant−1, and potassium uptake at 61.66 mg plant−1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave straw potassium uptake of 61.66 mg plant−1, among the highest uptake values.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- SCU with Ver + ASB treatmente0
- Outcome
- potassium uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 61.66 mg plant−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SCU with Ver + ASB treatment recorded the highest nitrogen uptake in straw at 78.64 mg plant−1, phosphorus uptake at 12.86 mg plant−1, and potassium uptake at 61.66 mg plant−1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU with Ver and ASB gave grain nitrogen uptake of 68.05 mg plant-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SCU with Ver + ASB treatmente1
- Outcome
- N, P, and K uptake in grainse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 68.05, 10.88, and 53.15 mg plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combination yielded the highest N, P, and K uptake in grains, with 68.05, 10.88, and 53.15 mg plant-1, respectively”
e1“SCU with Ver + ASB treatment”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Azospirillum brasilense · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Azospirillum brasilense · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Azospirillum brasilense · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Azospirillum brasilense · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Azospirillum brasilense · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
97 papers more in this group
See all 101 papers →nitrogen · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
399 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
450 papers more in this group
See all 454 papers →nitrogen · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
409 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
475 papers more in this group
See all 479 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.