Abstract
Abstract In this study we aimed to determine germination time impact on the proximate, minerals and phytochemicals content of malt barley, Abyssinian purple-colored barley and wheat grow in Southern highland of Tigray. Germination evenly affected protein, carbohydrate, iron, calcium, zinc, and phenolic. It also inversely affected the fiber, fat, ash, tannin, and anthocyanin content of the colored cereals. The crude protein content of raw cereals, which ranged from 6.30 to 8.40% increased after germination to 6.60–8.90%. Mineral element of mature cereals varied across cultivars and their level increased (171.4–223.3 to 227.3–249.8 mg/100 g) after germination. After 72 h germination time, condensed tannin concentration decreased from 2.27 to 5.24 into 0.20–3.6 mg GAE per 100 g. The phenolic content tripled from 63.5 to 189.6 mg GAE per 100 g in germinated samples. Anthocyanin of raw whole purple colored-barley had highest value (303.0 mg GAE/100 g) and followed by raw purple colored wheat (266.0 mg GAE/ 100 g). Both purple colored-barley and -wheat showed decreased TAC after germination, along with changes in protein, mineral and tannin. When after germination, it drastically decreased into 207.2 and 137.4 mg GAE/100 g. Germinated cereal which had higher protein and mineral content showed very strong positive correlation. A germination process should be accounted for improved utilization of these purple-colored cereals might be best alternative sources of malt. While germination inversely influenced to anthocyanins. Thus, it is vulnerable molecules that require special stabilization treatments during food preparation and processing.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased crude protein from 6.30–8.40% to 6.60–8.90%.
- Taxon
- barley and wheat
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- germinatione0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.60–8.90%e0
- Qualifier
- 6.30 to 8.40%e0
- Comparator
- raw cerealse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“crude protein content of raw cereals, which ranged from 6.30 to 8.40% increased after germination to 6.60–8.90%”
t0“barley, Abyssinian purple-colored barley and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased mineral levels from 171.4–223.3 to 227.3–249.8 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- germinatione0
- Outcome
- Mineral elemente1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 227.3–249.8 mg/100 ge0
- Qualifier
- 171.4–223.3e0
- Comparator
- mature cerealse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their level increased (171.4–223.3 to 227.3–249.8 mg/100 g) after germination”
e1“Mineral element of mature cereals”
t0“barley and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Condensed tannin declined after 72 hours of germination.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 72 h germination timee0
- Outcome
- condensed tannin concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.20–3.6 mg GAE per 100 ge0
- Qualifier
- 2.27 to 5.24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 72 h germination time, condensed tannin concentration decreased from 2.27 to 5.24 into 0.20–3.6 mg GAE per 100 g”
t0“barley and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic content tripled in germinated samples.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- germinated samplese0
- Outcome
- phenolic contente0
- Direction
- triplede0
- Value
- 189.6 mg GAE per 100 ge0
- Qualifier
- 63.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenolic content tripled from 63.5 to 189.6 mg GAE per 100 g in germinated samples”
t0“barley and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Raw purple barley anthocyanin measured 303.0 mg GAE/100 g.
Verbatim
e0“raw whole purple colored-barley had highest value (303.0 mg GAE/100 g)”
e1“Anthocyanin of raw whole purple colored-barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Raw purple wheat anthocyanin measured 266.0 mg GAE/ 100 g.
Verbatim
e0“raw purple colored wheat (266.0 mg GAE/ 100 g)”
e1“Anthocyanin of raw whole purple colored-barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple barley total anthocyanins fell to 207.2 mg GAE/100 g after germination.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both purple colored-barley and -wheat showed decreased TAC after germination”
e1“decreased into 207.2 and 137.4 mg GAE/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple wheat total anthocyanins fell to 137.4 mg GAE/100 g after germination.
- Taxon
- -wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- germinatione0
- Outcome
- TACe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 137.4 mg GAE/100 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both purple colored-barley and -wheat showed decreased TAC after germination”
e1“decreased into 207.2 and 137.4 mg GAE/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein and mineral contents in germinated cereals were strongly positively correlated.
- Taxon
- barley and wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Germinated cereale0
- Outcome
- protein and mineral contente0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germinated cereal which had higher protein and mineral content showed very strong positive correlation”
t0“barley and wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.