Abstract
Background Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important economic crop, and the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance its growth and suppress soil-borne diseases has garnered considerable research interest. However, the potential of yeast to augment the growth-promoting and disease-suppressing effects of PGPB on tobacco remains unclear. Methods This study investigated the effects of Pichia sp. microbial fertilizer (J1), PGPB- Klebsiella oxytoca microbial fertilizer (ZS4), and their composite fertilizer (JZ) on tobacco growth indexes, soil properties, and soil microbial community through a pot experiment. Additionally, field experiments were conducted to further assess the efficacy of the composite microbial fertilizer on tobacco growth and the incidences of soil-borne diseases, including tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) and tobacco black shank (TBS). Results and discussions In the pot experiment, application of the microbial fertilizers significantly enhanced soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) levels. Compared to the control group (CK), J1, ZS4, and JZ microbial fertilizers significantly promoted tobacco growth, and the composite microbial fertilizers demonstrated superior to the individual microbial fertilizers. We found that the application of microbial fertilizer led to significant alterations in the structure and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The bacterial and fungal diversity indexes showed a decreasing trend. Key microorganisms such as Sphingomonas , Kitasatospora , Nitrosospira , Mortierella , and Trichoderma were identified as influential in regulating soil physicochemical parameters to enhance tobacco growth. Functional prediction further demonstrated a significant increase in the relative abundances of certain enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), and Peroxidase, as well as antimicrobial substances like Tetracycline, Isoquinoline alkaloid, and Phenylpropanoids, following inoculation with the fertilizer. Besides, field experiments revealed that the JZ fertilizer significantly promoted tobacco growth and reduced the incidence of TBW and TBS, indicating its potential for further application in tobacco cultivation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial fertilizers increased soil nutrient and organic matter levels in pots.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- microbial fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of the microbial fertilizers significantly enhanced soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) levels”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
J1, ZS4, and JZ fertilizers promoted tobacco growth compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- J1, ZS4, and JZ microbial fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- tobacco growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control group (CK), J1, ZS4, and JZ microbial fertilizers significantly promoted tobacco growth”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The composite fertilizer outperformed individual fertilizers for tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- composite microbial fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- individual microbial fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the composite microbial fertilizers demonstrated superior to the individual microbial fertilizers”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial fertilizer altered bacterial and fungal community structure and composition.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- microbial fertilizere0
- Outcome
- structure and composition of the bacterial and fungal communitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of microbial fertilizer led to significant alterations in the structure and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial and fungal diversity indexes tended to decrease.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal diversity indexese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial and fungal diversity indexes showed a decreasing trend”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Several microbial genera were identified as influential in soil properties linked to tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas
Sphingomonase0other - Outcome
- tobacco growthe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Qualifier
- Kitasatospora , Nitrosospira , Mortierella , and Trichodermae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sphingomonas , Kitasatospora , Nitrosospira , Mortierella , and Trichoderma were identified as influential in regulating soil physicochemical parameters to enhance tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted abundance of alkaline phosphatase, ACC deaminase, and peroxidase increased following fertilizer inoculation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the fertilizere0
- Gene
- Alkaline phosphatase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), and Peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- relative abundances of certain enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Functional prediction further demonstrated a significant increase in the relative abundances of certain enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), and Peroxidase, as well as antimicrobial substances like Tetracycline, Isoquinoline alkaloid, and Phenylpropanoids, following inoculation with the fertilizer”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted abundance of tetracycline, isoquinoline alkaloid, and phenylpropanoids increased after fertilizer inoculation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the fertilizere0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial substances like Tetracycline, Isoquinoline alkaloid, and Phenylpropanoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in the relative abundances of certain enzymes, including Alkaline phosphatase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), and Peroxidase, as well as antimicrobial substances like Tetracycline, Isoquinoline alkaloid, and Phenylpropanoids, following inoculation with the fertilizer”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
JZ fertilizer promoted tobacco growth in the field.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- JZ fertilizere0
- Outcome
- tobacco growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field experiments revealed that the JZ fertilizer significantly promoted tobacco growth”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
JZ fertilizer reduced tobacco bacterial wilt incidence in the field.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- JZ fertilizere0
- Outcome
- incidence of TBWe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field experiments revealed that the JZ fertilizer significantly promoted tobacco growth and reduced the incidence of TBW and TBS”
e1“tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW)”
t0“Tobacco growth”
Claim · model-written summary
JZ fertilizer reduced tobacco black shank incidence in the field.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- JZ fertilizere0
- Outcome
- incidence of TBW and TBSe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field experiments revealed that the JZ fertilizer significantly promoted tobacco growth and reduced the incidence of TBW and TBS”
e1“tobacco black shank (TBS)”
t0“Tobacco growth”
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