Abstract
In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38. Two commercial biocontrol products (BPs), served as standards of comparison, Amylo-X® and Serenade Max®, also based on Bacillus BCA strains. The main mode of action quantified for all the strains was antibiosis due to hydrosoluble and volatile metabolites and their combinations. The BUZ-14 strain was the most active BCA strain, demonstrating significant disease reduction exceeding 60 % when used in the culture form grown in 863 medium, including living cells (LCs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS). Both BPs exhibited significantly reduced efficacy of their CFS fraction (< 10 %) compared with that of the two BCA strains, confirming their high antibiosis potential. The novel methodology allowed us to demonstrate the significant effect of the BCA culture medium on volatilome (VOC) antagonist efficacy. The S38 strain achieved the highest disease reduction (90 %) owing to the greatest production of VOCs in the richest MOLP (Medium Optimum Lipopetide Production) culture medium, whereas grape juice was the least favourable medium for VOC efficacy for both bacterial strains (BUZ14 and S38). The overall poor activity of living Bacillus cells in all the BCA and BPs tested is discussed based on the low capacity of the BCA strains to grow in the berry. Then, the presence of living cells is also discussed with the possibility that these cells are not required in field applications of such BCA strains in this genus. Moreover, different environmental suboptimal conditions, including temperature (22 and 27 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (100 and 85–95 %), were tested, and BUZ-14 exhibited the highest Botrytis reduction at both temperatures and RH values. However, no significant differences were observed between temperatures or RH values for the same BCA. Further studies in vineyard conditions and applications, such as biofumigation or active packaging, will be performed to confirm the new findings reported in this investigation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiosis due to hydrosoluble and volatile metabolites was the main mode of action of all strains.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e2“The main mode of action quantified for all the strains was antibiosis due to hydrosoluble and volatile metabolites and their combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
BUZ-14 cultured in 863 medium gave significant disease reduction exceeding 60%.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Material
- BUZ-14e3
- Treatment
- culture form grown in 863 mediume3
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Second interactor
- BUZ-14e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease reductione3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- exceeding 60 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e3“The BUZ-14 strain was the most active BCA strain, demonstrating significant disease reduction exceeding 60 % when used in the culture form grown in 863 medium, including living cells (LCs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS)”
Claim · model-written summary
BUZ-14 was the most active BCA strain against Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Material
- BUZ-14e3
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- BCA straine3
- Direction
- most activee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e3“The BUZ-14 strain was the most active BCA strain, demonstrating significant disease reduction exceeding 60 % when used in the culture form grown in 863 medium, including living cells (LCs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both commercial biocontrol products had significantly reduced efficacy of their CFS fraction compared with the two BCA strains.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e4“Both BPs exhibited significantly reduced efficacy of their CFS fraction (< 10 %) compared with that of the two BCA strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The BCA culture medium had a significant effect on volatilome (VOC) antagonist efficacy.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e5“The novel methodology allowed us to demonstrate the significant effect of the BCA culture medium on volatilome (VOC) antagonist efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain S38 achieved the highest disease reduction (90%) with the greatest VOC production in the richest MOLP culture medium.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Material
- S38e6
- Treatment
- richest MOLP (Medium Optimum Lipopetide Production) culture mediume6
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. ginsengihumi S38e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease reductione6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 90 %e6
- Qualifier
- owing to the greatest production of VOCse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e6“The S38 strain achieved the highest disease reduction (90 %) owing to the greatest production of VOCs in the richest MOLP (Medium Optimum Lipopetide Production) culture medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape juice was the least favourable medium for VOC efficacy.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e7“whereas grape juice was the least favourable medium for VOC efficacy for both bacterial strains (BUZ14 and S38)”
Claim · model-written summary
Living Bacillus cells showed poor activity in all BCA and commercial products tested.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e2“The overall poor activity of living Bacillus cells in all the BCA and BPs tested”
Claim · model-written summary
BUZ-14 gave the highest Botrytis reduction at both temperatures and RH values.
- Taxon
- table grapese1
- Material
- BUZ-14e2
- Treatment
- temperatures and RH valuese2
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- Botrytis reductione2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e2“BUZ-14 exhibited the highest Botrytis reduction at both temperatures and RH values”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant differences occurred between temperatures or RH values for the same BCA.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38”
e2“no significant differences were observed between temperatures or RH values for the same BCA”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · control · VitisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
humidity · Botrytis cinerea · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
in vitro · Botrytis cinerea · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.