Abstract
BACKGROUND: The complete mitochondrial respiratory chain is a precondition for maintaining cellular energy supply, development, and metabolic balance. Due to the evolutionary differentiation of complexes and the semi-autonomy of mitochondria, respiratory chain subunits have become critical targets for crop improvement and fungal control. In fungi, mitochondrial complex I mediates growth and metabolism. However, the role of this complex in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic fungi is largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we identified the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase 24-kDa subunit (VdNuo1) of complex in vascular wilt pathogen, Verticillium dahliae, and examined its functional conservation in phytopathogenic fungi. Based on the treatments with respiratory chain inhibitors, the mitochondria-localized VdNuo1 was confirmed to regulate mitochondrial morphogenesis and homeostasis. VdNuo1 was induced during the different developmental stages in V. dahliae, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and melanized microsclerotia development. The VdNuo1 mutants displayed variable sensitivity to stress factors and decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts, indicating that VdNuo1 is necessary in stress tolerance and full virulence. Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that VdNuo1 mediates global transcriptional effects, including oxidation and reduction processes, fatty acid, sugar, and energy metabolism. These defects are partly attributed to impairments of mitochondrial morphological integrity, complex assembly, and related functions. Its homologue (CgNuo1) functions in the vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, CgNuo1 does not restore the VdNuo1 mutant to normal phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that VdNuo1 plays important roles in growth, metabolism, microsclerotia development, stress tolerance, and virulence of V. dahliae, sharing novel insight into the function of complex I and a potential fungicide target for pathogenic fungi.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 mutants of Verticillium dahliae showed decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts compared with the wild type.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaet0 - Treatment
- VdNuo1 mutantse2
- Gene
- VdNuo1e2
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e2“The VdNuo1 mutants displayed variable sensitivity to stress factors and decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts, indicating that VdNuo1 is necessary in stress tolerance and full virulence”
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 mutants showed variable sensitivity to stress factors.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- VdNuo1 mutantse2
- Outcome
- sensitivity to stress factorse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e2“The VdNuo1 mutants displayed variable sensitivity to stress factors and decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts, indicating that VdNuo1 is necessary in stress tolerance and full virulence”
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 is necessary for stress tolerance and full virulence of Verticillium dahliae.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- VdNuo1e2
- Outcome
- stress tolerance and full virulencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e2“The VdNuo1 mutants displayed variable sensitivity to stress factors and decreased pathogenicity in multiple hosts, indicating that VdNuo1 is necessary in stress tolerance and full virulence”
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 was induced during the different developmental stages of Verticillium dahliae, including hyphal growth, conidiation and microsclerotia development.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Organ / stage
- different developmental stagese3
- Gene
- VdNuo1e3
- Outcome
- VdNuo1 was inducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e3“VdNuo1 was induced during the different developmental stages in V. dahliae, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and melanized microsclerotia development”
Claim · model-written summary
The mitochondria-localized VdNuo1 regulates mitochondrial morphogenesis and homeostasis.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- respiratory chain inhibitorse4
- Gene
- VdNuo1e4
- Outcome
- mitochondrial morphogenesis and homeostasise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e4“Based on the treatments with respiratory chain inhibitors, the mitochondria-localized VdNuo1 was confirmed to regulate mitochondrial morphogenesis and homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 mediates global transcriptional effects in Verticillium dahliae, including oxidation and reduction processes, fatty acid, sugar and energy metabolism.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- VdNuo1e5
- Outcome
- global transcriptional effectse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e5“Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that VdNuo1 mediates global transcriptional effects, including oxidation and reduction processes, fatty acid, sugar, and energy metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
CgNuo1 does not restore the VdNuo1 mutant of Verticillium dahliae to normal phenotypes.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- CgNuo1e6
- Outcome
- restore the VdNuo1 mutant to normal phenotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e6“Its homologue (CgNuo1) functions in the vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, CgNuo1 does not restore the VdNuo1 mutant to normal phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The homologue CgNuo1 functions in vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- CgNuo1e6
- Outcome
- vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e6“Its homologue (CgNuo1) functions in the vegetative growth, melanin biosynthesis, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, CgNuo1 does not restore the VdNuo1 mutant to normal phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
VdNuo1 is a potential fungicide target for pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Outcome
- a potential fungicide target for pathogenic fungie7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
e7“a potential fungicide target for pathogenic fungi”