Abstract
A field experiment on “evaluation of liquid nano urea fertilizer for enhancing yield, yield attributes and economic performance in sugarcane plant-ratoon cycle” was carried out during rabi of 2021-22 (plant crop) and 2022-23 (ratoon crop) at Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design including eight treatments with three replication, comprising from nitrogen levels for soil application with foliar spray of nano urea and urea in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane. The results of experiments in respect to the both individual plant crop and ratoon crop season as well as in pooled analysis of both seasons of sugarcane, yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4. However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control. During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively). It concluded that for achieving higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation should be fertilized with 100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/L or 2 % urea at 90 and 180 DAP of plant crop and DAR of ratoon crop. This application effectively replaces the 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen while matching the performance of the 100% RDN treatment.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), millable cane yield and green top yield were highest, at par with T2 and T4.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), the number of millable canes, internodes per cane and cane girth were highest, at par with T2 and T4.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), single cane weight was highest, at par with T2 and T4.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 67.25% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T2, millable cane increased by 62.62% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T4, millable cane increased by 52.53% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 96.78% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T2, millable cane increased by 93.19% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T4, millable cane increased by 78.89% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 79.51% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T2, millable cane increased by 75.31% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T4, millable cane increased by 63.47% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e2“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), net returns in the plant crop were 285956 ₹/ha.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e3“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), net returns in the ratoon crop were 295835 ₹/ha.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e3“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), the benefit:cost ratio in the plant crop was 2.49.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e3“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), the benefit:cost ratio in the ratoon crop was 3.77.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e3“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation are achieved with 100% of recommended P2O5 and K2O, 75% RDN and two sprays of liquid nano urea (4 ml/L) or 2% urea at 90 and 180 DAP.
Verbatim
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e4“for achieving higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation should be fertilized with 100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/L or 2 % urea at 90 and 180 DAP of plant crop and DAR of ratoon crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid nano urea sprays with 75% RDN effectively replace 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose while matching the performance of 100% RDN.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”
e1“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”
e5“This application effectively replaces the 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen while matching the performance of the 100% RDN treatment”
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