Abstract
• Provide optimal water-fertilizer coupling solutions for Northwest arid region, China. • Analyze the response relationship among indicators and extract key indicators by SEM. • Comprehensively evaluate for the optimal ranges of irrigation and organic fertilizer. Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China. Its yield is closely related to leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics, which are nutritionally regulated by water-fertilizer coupling. Through a two year field experiment, the relationship between leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield under water-fertilizer coupling was analyzed. The results showed that leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and yield all increased with increasing irrigation quota, and showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing organic fertilizer application amount. Under F2W3 treatment (irrigation quota of 525 m 3 ·ha −1 and total fertilization application of 5700kg·ha −1 ), LAI, SPAD, Pn, Tr, Gs and yield were all the highest. Water-fertilizer coupling had highly significant effects on yield, SPAD and Gs( P < 0.01), significant effects on LAI at maturity stage and Tr at flowering stage ( P < 0.05). Based on structural equation modeling (SEM), it was shown that a reasonable water-fertilizer coupling could regulate LAI and SPAD of pumpkin leaves, and then improve their photosynthetic characteristics, and ultimately increase pumpkin yield. Gs (as the key index of photosynthetic characteristics) and SPAD (as that of leaf growth) were extracted separately for a comprehensive evaluation of Yield-SPAD-Gs. It was found that the range of optimal irrigation quota regulated by water-fertilizer coupling was 510.57 ∼ 526.9 m 3 ·ha −1 , and that of optimal organic fertilizer application was 5698.24 ∼ 6465.54 kg·ha −1 . Therefore, F2W3 treatment was recommended as the optimal treatment for pumpkin cultivation in the region.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pn, Tr and Gs increased with increasing irrigation quota.
- Taxon
- Pumpkine1
- Treatment
- irrigation quotae2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e2“leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and yield all increased with increasing irrigation quota”
Claim · model-written summary
LAI and SPAD increased with increasing irrigation quota.
- Taxon
- Pumpkine1
- Treatment
- irrigation quotae2
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e2“leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and yield all increased with increasing irrigation quota”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increased with increasing irrigation quota.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e2“leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and yield all increased with increasing irrigation quota”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the F2W3 treatment, LAI, SPAD, Pn, Tr, Gs and yield were all the highest.
- Taxon
- Pumpkine1
- Treatment
- F2W3 treatmente3
- Outcome
- LAI, SPAD, Pn, Tr, Gs and yielde3
- Direction
- the higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e3“Under F2W3 treatment (irrigation quota of 525 m 3 ·ha −1 and total fertilization application of 5700kg·ha −1 ), LAI, SPAD, Pn, Tr, Gs and yield were all the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-fertilizer coupling had highly significant effects on yield, SPAD and Gs.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e4“Water-fertilizer coupling had highly significant effects on yield, SPAD and Gs( P < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-fertilizer coupling significantly affected LAI at maturity stage and Tr at flowering stage.
- Taxon
- Pumpkine1
- Treatment
- Water-fertilizer couplinge4
- Outcome
- LAI at maturity stage and Tr at flowering stagee5
- Qualifier
- P < 0.05e5
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e4“Water-fertilizer coupling had highly significant effects on yield, SPAD and Gs( P < 0.01)”
e5“significant effects on LAI at maturity stage and Tr at flowering stage ( P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal irrigation quota regulated by water-fertilizer coupling ranged from 510.57 to 526.9 m3 ha−1.
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e6“the range of optimal irrigation quota regulated by water-fertilizer coupling was 510.57 ∼ 526.9 m 3 ·ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal organic fertilizer application ranged from 5698.24 to 6465.54 kg ha−1.
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e7“that of optimal organic fertilizer application was 5698.24 ∼ 6465.54 kg·ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Through LAI and SPAD, a reasonable water-fertilizer coupling is associated with improved photosynthesis and higher pumpkin yield, per SEM.
Verbatim
e1“Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China”
e0“Based on structural equation modeling (SEM), it was shown that a reasonable water-fertilizer coupling could regulate LAI and SPAD of pumpkin leaves, and then improve their photosynthetic characteristics, and ultimately increase pumpkin yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend F2W3 as the optimal treatment for pumpkin cultivation in the region.
Verbatim
e6“Therefore, F2W3 treatment was recommended as the optimal treatment for pumpkin cultivation in the region”
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