Abstract
The cultivation of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in semi-arid regions is affected by drought. To explore potential alleviation strategies, we investigated the impact of inoculation with Bacillus velezensis , and the application of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) via foliage application (FA), which promote plant growth and enhance stress tolerance. A split-split-plot experiment with four replications was conducted, featuring two irrigation levels: full watering (FW, 100% of plant water requirements) and deficit watering (DW, 70% of plant water requirements) as a main plot, two ASA levels (No foliage application (NFA) 0 and 0.5 mM) as sub plot, and bacterial inoculation (BI) versus non-bacterial inoculation (NBI) as sub-sub plot. Results showed that the highest grain yield was achieved with the ASA + BI under FW (3270 kg ha − ¹), a 56% increase compared to the control (2094 kg ha − ¹). Under DW, the ASA + BI increased yield by approximately 30%. ASA significantly increased relative water content under deficit watering, achieving 84% with BI. Chlorophyll a content peaked at 3.11 mg g − 1 with full watering, and chlorophyll b content increased by up to 23.8% under deficit watering, indicating improved photosynthetic capacity. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced to 10.88 and 14.81 µmol g − ¹ fresh weight, respectively, in ASA + BI treatments, demonstrating reduced oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly elevated in treated plants under DW. This study demonstrates the potential of microbial and hormonal treatments in boosting drought tolerance in common beans, providing a viable approach for sustaining crop performance under stress conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The highest grain yield of common bean was obtained with ASA plus bacterial inoculation under full watering (3270 kg/ha), 56% above the control (2094 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- ASA + BIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Qualifier
- under FWe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“the highest grain yield was achieved with the ASA + BI under FW (3270 kg ha − ¹), a 56% increase compared to the control (2094 kg ha − ¹)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under deficit watering, ASA plus bacterial inoculation increased common bean yield by approximately 30%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ASA + BIe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- approximately 30%e0
- Qualifier
- Under DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Under DW, the ASA + BI increased yield by approximately 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
ASA significantly increased relative water content of common bean under deficit watering, reaching 84% with bacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ASAe0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Qualifier
- under deficit wateringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“ASA significantly increased relative water content under deficit watering, achieving 84% with BI”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a content of common bean peaked at 3.11 mg/g with full watering.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll a contente0
- Value
- 3.11 mg g − 1e0
- Qualifier
- with full wateringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Chlorophyll a content peaked at 3.11 mg g − 1 with full watering”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll b content of common bean increased by up to 23.8% under deficit watering.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.8%e0
- Qualifier
- under deficit wateringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“chlorophyll b content increased by up to 23.8% under deficit watering”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde level in common bean was reduced to 10.88 µmol/g fresh weight in ASA plus bacterial inoculation treatments.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ASA + BI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10.88e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced to 10.88 and 14.81 µmol g − ¹ fresh weight, respectively, in ASA + BI treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide level in common bean was reduced to 14.81 µmol/g fresh weight in ASA plus bacterial inoculation treatments.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ASA + BI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14.81 µmol g − ¹ fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were reduced to 10.88 and 14.81 µmol g − ¹ fresh weight, respectively, in ASA + BI treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly elevated in treated common bean plants under deficit watering.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- under DWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly elevated in treated plants under DW”
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