Abstract
Sunflower serves as a valuable rotational crop, suitable for snack processing or sunflower seed oil extraction, proving to be a lucrative cash crop. To address sunflower yield uncertainties, this study employs meta-analysis to examine the impact of fertilisation. Utilising 41 studies and 392 pairs of observations based on four criteria, we found an overall 27% increase in sunflower yield with fertiliser application. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) individually applied raised yield by 23.37, 20.92, and 11.63%, respectively. Combined fertilisers (NP, NK, NP, and NPK) enhanced yield by 29.69, 28.40, 17.35, and 41.91%, respectively. Sunflower type minimally affects yield, while planting density significantly influences it. Combining local soil conditions and environmental factors with appropriate planting densities ensures maximum sunflower yield, fostering economic benefits for farmers. This study holds constructive implications for sunflower cultivation in China, contributing to increased yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application increased sunflower yield overall by 27%.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- fertiliser applicatione0
- Outcome
- sunflower yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall 27% increase in sunflower yield with fertiliser application”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen alone raised sunflower yield by 23.37%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) individually applied raised yield by 23.37, 20.92, and 11.63%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus alone raised sunflower yield by 20.92%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 20.92e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) individually applied raised yield by 23.37, 20.92, and 11.63%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium alone raised sunflower yield by 11.63%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- potassium (K)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- raisede0
- Value
- 11.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) individually applied raised yield by 23.37, 20.92, and 11.63%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
NP fertilizer raised sunflower yield by 29.69%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined fertilisers (NP, NK, NP, and NPK) enhanced yield by 29.69, 28.40, 17.35, and 41.91%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
NK fertilizer raised sunflower yield by 28.40%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined fertilisers (NP, NK, NP, and NPK) enhanced yield by 29.69, 28.40, 17.35, and 41.91%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
A second reported NP result raised sunflower yield by 17.35%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined fertilisers (NP, NK, NP, and NPK) enhanced yield by 29.69, 28.40, 17.35, and 41.91%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer raised sunflower yield by 41.91%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined fertilisers (NP, NK, NP, and NPK) enhanced yield by 29.69, 28.40, 17.35, and 41.91%, respectively”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower type had minimal effect on yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Sunflower typee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower type minimally affects yield”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density significantly influenced sunflower yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- planting densitye0
- Outcome
- yielde1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“planting density significantly influences it”
e1“Sunflower type minimally affects yield”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Matching planting densities to local soil and environmental factors is recommended for maximum yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- appropriate planting densitiese0
- Outcome
- maximum sunflower yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining local soil conditions and environmental factors with appropriate planting densities ensures maximum sunflower yield”
t0“sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →potassium · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
47 papers more in this group
See all 51 papers →nitrogen · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
181 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
192 papers more in this group
See all 196 papers →fertilization · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
343 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
361 papers more in this group
See all 365 papers →nanoparticle · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
35 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.