Abstract
This study investigated the effects of foliar application of normal and nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the growth, proline content, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower cultivars at different salinity levels. Treatments included five cultivars (Helianthus annuus L. cvs. Alstar, Olsion, Yourflor, Hysun36, and Hysun33), two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl), and three foliar applications (none-sprayed, ZnO normal and nanoparticles at a rate of 2 g/L). Olsion showed the highest proline content and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among the studied cultivars under saline condition. Foliar spray of ZnO improved SOD activity and shoot dry weight of sunflower. Nanoparticles of ZnO had positive effect on biomass production of sunflower plants compared to the normal form. According to the result, Olsion and Hysun33 cultivars were suitable for saline conditions, whereas Hysun36 was appropriate for normal condition.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Olsion had the highest proline content under salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Material
- Olsione0
- Treatment
- saline conditione0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olsion showed the highest proline content and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among the studied cultivars under saline condition.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Olsion had the highest SOD activity under salinity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Olsione0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activity (SOD)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olsion showed the highest proline content and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) among the studied cultivars under saline condition.”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO foliar spray improved SOD activity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of ZnOe0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of ZnO improved SOD activity and shoot dry weight of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO foliar spray improved shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of ZnOe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of ZnO improved SOD activity and shoot dry weight of sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles increased biomass relative to normal ZnO.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Nanoparticles of ZnOe0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Comparator
- normal forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nanoparticles of ZnO had positive effect on biomass production of sunflower plants compared to the normal form.”
Claim · model-written summary
Olsion was considered suitable for saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Olsione0
- Outcome
- suitable for saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olsion and Hysun33 cultivars were suitable for saline conditions”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hysun33 was considered suitable for saline conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Hysun33e0
- Outcome
- suitable for saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olsion and Hysun33 cultivars were suitable for saline conditions”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hysun36 was considered appropriate for normal conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- Hysun36e0
- Outcome
- appropriate for normal conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hysun36 was appropriate for normal condition”
t0“Sunflower”
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