Abstract
Accelerating stomatal kinetics through synthetic optogenetics and mutations that enhance guard cell K+ flux has proven a viable strategy to improve water use efficiency and biomass production. Stomata of the model C4 species Gynandropsis gynandra, a relative of the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana, are similarly fast to open and close. We identified and cloned the guard cell rectifying outward K+ channel (GROK) of Gynandropsis and showed that GROK is preferentially expressed in stomatal guard cells. GROK is homologous to the Arabidopsis guard cell K+ channel GORK and, expressed in oocytes, yields a K+ current consistent with that of Gynandropsis guard cells. Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROK promoted K+ channel gating and K+ flux, increasing stomatal kinetics and yielding gains in water use efficiency and biomass with varying light, especially under water limitation. Our findings demonstrate the potential for engineering a C4 K+ channel into guard cells of a C3 species, and they speak to the puzzle of how C4 species have evolved mechanisms that enhance water use efficiency and growth under stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Gynandropsis stomata opened and closed rapidly.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandra
Gynandropsis gynandrae0 - Outcome
- fast to open and closee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomata of the model C4 species Gynandropsis gynandra, a relative of the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana, are similarly fast to open and close.”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK was preferentially expressed in stomatal guard cells.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrat0
- Organ / stage
- stomatal guard cellse0
- Gene
- GROKe0
- Outcome
- preferentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GROK is preferentially expressed in stomatal guard cells”
t0“Gynandropsis gynandra”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK yielded a potassium current consistent with Gynandropsis guard cells in oocytes.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis
Gynandropsise0 - Gene
- GROKe0
- Outcome
- K+ current consistent with that of Gynandropsis guard cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GROK is homologous to the Arabidopsis guard cell K+ channel GORK and, expressed in oocytes, yields a K+ current consistent with that of Gynandropsis guard cells”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK is homologous to Arabidopsis GORK.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrat0
- Gene
- GROKe0
- Outcome
- homologous to the Arabidopsis guard cell K+ channel GORKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GROK is homologous to the Arabidopsis guard cell K+ channel GORK”
t0“Gynandropsis gynandra”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK complementation promoted potassium channel gating and flux in the Arabidopsis gork mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- gork mutante0
- Treatment
- Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROKe0
- Gene
- GROKe0
- Outcome
- K+ channel gating and K+ fluxe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROK promoted K+ channel gating and K+ flux”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK complementation increased stomatal kinetics in the Arabidopsis gork mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROKe0
- Outcome
- stomatal kineticse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROK promoted K+ channel gating and K+ flux, increasing stomatal kinetics”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK complementation improved water use efficiency under varying light, especially water limitation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROKe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Qualifier
- with varying light, especially under water limitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROK promoted K+ channel gating and K+ flux, increasing stomatal kinetics and yielding gains in water use efficiency and biomass with varying light, especially under water limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
GROK complementation improved biomass under varying light, especially water limitation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROKe0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Qualifier
- with varying light, especially under water limitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complementing the Arabidopsis gork mutant with GROK promoted K+ channel gating and K+ flux, increasing stomatal kinetics and yielding gains in water use efficiency and biomass with varying light, especially under water limitation”
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