Abstract
Limited soil nitrogen (N) availability constrains crop growth and yield. Low N use efficiency (NUE) coupled with overuse of fertilizer-N result in environmental pollution and huge economic loss. Hence, effects of N management practices on rice grain yield and NUE were studied in two separate experiments in experimental farm and farmer’s field. Each of the study was conducted in two consecutive rice seasons of Boro (dry season rice) and Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) (wet season rice) using several N treatments. Results revealed that compared with the recommended dose of N (RDN), urea super granule (USG) and biochar with RDN (BRDN) increased grain yield by 6–18% irrespective of experimental sites and cropping seasons. USG contributed to the highest NUE, while. USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN. USG appeared to be economically the most viable option, with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.5–1.6 over locations and seasons. BRDN showed a lower BCR (1.1–1.2) due to additional expense on biochar. Biochar might contribute towards a carbon-negative economy, and its economic benefits require to be addressed. Supportive government policies are needed for adoption of USG and biochar in agriculture.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Urea super granule increased rice grain yield by 6–18% compared with the recommended dose of N across sites and seasons.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- urea super granule (USG)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6–18%e1
- Qualifier
- irrespective of experimental sites and cropping seasonse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“compared with the recommended dose of N (RDN), urea super granule (USG) and biochar with RDN (BRDN) increased grain yield by 6–18% irrespective of experimental sites and cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with the recommended dose of N increased rice grain yield by 6–18% compared with the recommended dose of N across sites and seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar with RDN (BRDN)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6–18%e1
- Qualifier
- irrespective of experimental sites and cropping seasonse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“compared with the recommended dose of N (RDN), urea super granule (USG) and biochar with RDN (BRDN) increased grain yield by 6–18% irrespective of experimental sites and cropping seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
USG contributed to the highest nitrogen use efficiency among the treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- USGe1
- Outcome
- NUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG contributed to the highest NUE”
Claim · model-written summary
USG increased agronomic efficiency compared with RDN (1.3–2.3 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- USGe1
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.3–2.3 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
BRDN increased agronomic efficiency compared with RDN (1.3–2.3 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRDNe1
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.3–2.3 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
USG increased apparent N-recovery compared with RDN (1.3–1.9 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- USGe1
- Outcome
- apparent N-recoverye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.3–1.9 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
BRDN increased apparent N-recovery compared with RDN (1.3–1.9 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRDNe1
- Outcome
- apparent N-recoverye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.3–1.9 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
USG increased physiological efficiency compared with RDN (0.9–1.3 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- USGe1
- Outcome
- physiological efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.9–1.3 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
BRDN increased physiological efficiency compared with RDN (0.9–1.3 folds).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRDNe1
- Outcome
- physiological efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.9–1.3 foldse1
- Comparator
- RDNe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG and BRDN increased agronomic efficiency (1.3–2.3 folds), apparent N-recovery (1.3–1.9 folds) efficiency and physiological efficiency (0.9–1.3 folds), compared to RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
USG appeared economically the most viable option, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.5–1.6 over locations and seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- USGe1
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratio (BCR)e1
- Direction
- most viablee1
- Value
- 1.5–1.6e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“USG appeared to be economically the most viable option, with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.5–1.6 over locations and seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
BRDN showed a lower benefit-cost ratio (1.1–1.2) because of the additional expense on biochar.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e1“BRDN showed a lower BCR (1.1–1.2) due to additional expense on biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that supportive government policies are needed for adoption of USG and biochar in agriculture.
- Outcome
- Supportive government policies are needed for adoption of USG and biochar in agriculturee1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Supportive government policies are needed for adoption of USG and biochar in agriculture”
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