Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The present study was intended to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. Chickpea seeds sown in earthen pots (filled with soil) were subjected to Cd stress (100 μM) in the form of CdCl 2 (10 mL) 10 days after sowing (DAS). Exogenous applications with Ag NP concentrations 50, 100, and 200 μM were used to observe their effects on Cd-stressed plants. Growth, biochemical, and stress parameters were studied. Results showed that Ag NPs positively affected plant growth and ameliorated the toxic effects of Cd stress. Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs. Similarly, Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (61%), catalase (58%), and peroxidase (68%) and reduced the malondialdehyde (28%) and hydrogen peroxide (23%) in chickpea plants. Protein content was also increased by the application of Ag NPs (16%). Furthermore, the addition of Ag NPs decreased the plant Cd content. According to the current study, adding Ag NPs to plants under Cd stress improved their growth and photosynthesis by reducing Cd absorption and improving plant stress tolerance.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly decreased chickpea plant height, fresh weight and dry weight.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- Plant height, fresh weight, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly decreased chickpea carotenoids, rubisco activity and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP foliar application enhanced chickpea plant height by 28% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 28e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP application enhanced chickpea fresh weight by 29%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 29e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP application enhanced chickpea dry weight by 31%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 31e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP application enhanced chickpea total carotenoid content by 30%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- total carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP application enhanced chickpea rubisco activity by 33%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- rubisco activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NP application enhanced chickpea net photosynthetic rate by 35%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate ( P N )e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total carotenoid content, rubisco activity, and net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were significantly decreased by Cd stress but enhanced by 28, 29, 31, 30, 33, and 35%, respectively, by foliar application of Ag NPs.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs increased chickpea superoxide dismutase activity by 61%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (61%), catalase (58%), and peroxidase (68%)”
e1“in chickpea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs increased chickpea catalase activity by 58%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (61%), catalase (58%), and peroxidase (68%)”
e1“in chickpea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs increased chickpea peroxidase activity by 68%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (61%), catalase (58%), and peroxidase (68%)”
e1“in chickpea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs reduced chickpea malondialdehyde by 28%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the malondialdehyde (28%) and hydrogen peroxide (23%) in chickpea plants.”
e1“Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs reduced chickpea hydrogen peroxide by 23%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Ag NPse1
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the malondialdehyde (28%) and hydrogen peroxide (23%) in chickpea plants.”
e1“Ag NPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs increased chickpea protein content by 16%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- application of Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- Protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein content was also increased by the application of Ag NPs (16%).”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag NPs decreased plant cadmium content.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- plant Cd contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Ag NPs decreased the plant Cd content.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved chickpea growth and photosynthesis to reduced cadmium absorption and better stress tolerance under Ag NP treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Ag NPse0
- Outcome
- growth and photosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- reducing Cd absorption and improving plant stress tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding Ag NPs to plants under Cd stress improved their growth and photosynthesis by reducing Cd absorption and improving plant stress tolerance.”
e1“chickpea plants grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil.”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.