Abstract
The alternating planting of corn and soybeans is regarded as an effective strategy in addressing the challenges faced in soybean cultivation. However, the precise mechanisms that control the bacterial microbiome in soybean roots in the soil, particularly in continuous cropping and rotational corn-soybean farming rotations, are remain unclear. This study employed both field and pot positioning experiments, using high-throughput and generic metabolomics sequencing techniques to explore the dynamics between soybean plants, root microflora, and soil metabolites, especially in the context of continuous cropping and fluctuating corn-soybean crop rotation. The process that included rotating corn soybeans significantly enhanced their grain yield, dry weight, soil nitrogen concentration, urease activity, as well as the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organs, compared to the traditional practice of continuous soybean cultivation. There is a significant reduction in the transit of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the rhizosphere to the endosphere through rhizoplane. The number of bacterial OTUs that are consumed and enriched on rhizoplane is greater than those that are enriched and absorbed in the endosphere. Continuous cropping practices significantly boost Burkholderiales, whereas chloroplast microorganisms significantly improve crop rotation techniques. Soil environmental factors, such as urease and accessible phosphorus, are crucial in establishing the relative prevalence of Rhodanobacter and other bacterial groups. Soil metabolites, such as benzyl alcohol, show a positive correlation with Cyanobacteria, while acidic compounds, such as D-arabinitol, are positively linked with Burkholderiales. This study indicates that the rotation of corn and soybean crops facilitates the growth of soybeans, increases nutrient accumulation in both plants and soil, enhances the presence of beneficial bacteria, and improves soybean yields.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased soybean grain yield compared with continuous soybean cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- rotating corn soybeanse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- continuous soybean cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotating corn soybeans significantly enhanced their grain yield, dry weight, soil nitrogen concentration, urease activity, as well as the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organs, compared to the traditional practice of continuous soybean cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased soybean dry weight compared with continuous cultivation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- rotating corn soybeanse0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- continuous soybean cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotating corn soybeans significantly enhanced their grain yield, dry weight, soil nitrogen concentration, urease activity, as well as the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organs, compared to the traditional practice of continuous soybean cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased soil nitrogen concentration and urease activity compared with continuous cultivation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- rotating corn soybeanse0
- Outcome
- soil nitrogen concentration, urease activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- continuous soybean cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotating corn soybeans significantly enhanced their grain yield, dry weight, soil nitrogen concentration, urease activity, as well as the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organs, compared to the traditional practice of continuous soybean cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in plant organs.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- rotating corn soybeanse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- continuous soybean cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotating corn soybeans significantly enhanced their grain yield, dry weight, soil nitrogen concentration, urease activity, as well as the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in various plant organs, compared to the traditional practice of continuous soybean cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial OTU transit from rhizosphere to endosphere through rhizoplane was reduced.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- transit of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the rhizosphere to the endosphere through rhizoplanee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction in the transit of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the rhizosphere to the endosphere through rhizoplane”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
More bacterial OTUs were consumed and enriched on rhizoplane than enriched and absorbed in endosphere.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- number of bacterial OTUse0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- those that are enriched and absorbed in the endospheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of bacterial OTUs that are consumed and enriched on rhizoplane is greater than those that are enriched and absorbed in the endosphere”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous cropping increased Burkholderiales.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Continuous cropping practicese0
- Outcome
- Burkholderialese0
- Direction
- booste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous cropping practices significantly boost Burkholderiales”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotation increased chloroplast microorganisms.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- crop rotation techniquese0
- Outcome
- chloroplast microorganismse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplast microorganisms significantly improve crop rotation techniques”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil urease and accessible phosphorus were related to relative prevalence of Rhodanobacter and other bacterial groups.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- accessible phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- relative prevalence of Rhodanobacter and other bacterial groupse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil environmental factors, such as urease and accessible phosphorus, are crucial in establishing the relative prevalence of Rhodanobacter and other bacterial groups”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyl alcohol was positively correlated with Cyanobacteria.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- benzyl alcohole0
- Outcome
- Cyanobacteriae0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benzyl alcohol, show a positive correlation with Cyanobacteria”
t0“soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
D-arabinitol was positively linked with Burkholderiales.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- D-arabinitole0
- Outcome
- Burkholderialese0
- Direction
- positively linkede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D-arabinitol, are positively linked with Burkholderiales”
t0“soybean roots”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.