Abstract
Hydrellia prosternalis Deeming, a leaf-mining ephydrid fly, has been recently considered an important insect pest attacking rice leaves. Influence of certain cultural practices on the incidence of this insect in - rice fields was studied for two successive seasons; 1995 and 1996 at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha. Rice sown on May 1st had the least infestation (3.63 - 4.75%) and received the lowest number of eggs (1.56-1.75 / 100 rice leaves). The rice leaf miner (RLM) incidence increased gradually and significantly as the sowing date was later. Rice sown after the end of May suffered from severe RLM infestation (56.63 - 64.17 and 68.67-69.17% for 1 June and 15 June cultivations, respectively). Permanent flooded rice plots proved to encourage the RLM incidence, having 57.50% infestation, and this level was gradually decreased as the irrigation intervals prolonged. Infestation rates were 42.50, 22.86 and 18.95% at 6,9 and 12-day intervals, respectively. It was apparent that plant densities had no effect on RLM infestation. Plots of transplanting spacings at 10 x 10 and 10 x 15 cm were less infested by RLM than those of wider spaces; 20 x 20, 20 x 30 and 30 x 30 cm during two weeks after transplanting. When the time elapsed, no RLM infestation differences were detected due to transplanting spacing beginning from the third week after transplanting.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
May 1 sowing had the least leaf miner infestation, 3.63 - 4.75%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- sown on May 1ste0
- Interactor
- leaf minert0pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 3.63 - 4.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice sown on May 1st had the least infestation (3.63 - 4.75%) and received the lowest number of eggs (1.56-1.75 / 100 rice leaves).”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
May 1 sowing received the fewest eggs, 1.56-1.75 per 100 leaves.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- sown on May 1ste0
- Interactor
- leaf minert0pest
- Outcome
- number of eggse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.56-1.75 / 100 rice leavese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice sown on May 1st had the least infestation (3.63 - 4.75%) and received the lowest number of eggs (1.56-1.75 / 100 rice leaves).”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf miner incidence rose significantly with later sowing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- sowing date was latere0
- Interactor
- rice leaf minere0pest
- Outcome
- rice leaf miner (RLM) incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice leaf miner (RLM) incidence increased gradually and significantly as the sowing date was later.”
Claim · model-written summary
June 1 sowing had severe infestation of 56.63 - 64.17%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1 Junee0
- Interactor
- RLMe0pest
- Outcome
- RLM infestatione0
- Direction
- severee0
- Value
- 56.63 - 64.17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice sown after the end of May suffered from severe RLM infestation (56.63 - 64.17 and 68.67-69.17% for 1 June and 15 June cultivations, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
June 15 sowing had severe infestation of 68.67-69.17%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 15 Junee0
- Interactor
- RLMe0pest
- Outcome
- RLM infestatione0
- Direction
- severee0
- Value
- 68.67-69.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice sown after the end of May suffered from severe RLM infestation (56.63 - 64.17 and 68.67-69.17% for 1 June and 15 June cultivations, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Permanent flooding had 57.50% leaf miner infestation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Permanent floodede0
- Interactor
- RLMe0pest
- Outcome
- RLM incidencee0
- Direction
- encouragee0
- Value
- 57.50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Permanent flooded rice plots proved to encourage the RLM incidence, having 57.50% infestation, and this level was gradually decreased as the irrigation intervals prolonged.”
Claim · model-written summary
Six-day irrigation intervals had 42.50% infestation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation rates were 42.50, 22.86 and 18.95% at 6,9 and 12-day intervals, respectively.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-day irrigation intervals had 22.86% infestation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation rates were 42.50, 22.86 and 18.95% at 6,9 and 12-day intervals, respectively.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve-day irrigation intervals had 18.95% infestation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 12-day intervalse0
- Interactor
- LEAF MINERt0pest
- Outcome
- Infestation ratese0
- Value
- 18.95%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestation rates were 42.50, 22.86 and 18.95% at 6,9 and 12-day intervals, respectively.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density had no effect on leaf miner infestation.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- plant densitiese0
- Interactor
- LEAF MINERt0pest
- Outcome
- RLM infestatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant densities had no effect on RLM infestation.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow transplant spacing reduced leaf miner infestation during the first two weeks.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 x 10 and 10 x 15 cme0
- Interactor
- RLMe0pest
- Outcome
- infested by RLMe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- during two weeks after transplantinge0
- Comparator
- wider spaces; 20 x 20, 20 x 30 and 30 x 30 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots of transplanting spacings at 10 x 10 and 10 x 15 cm were less infested by RLM than those of wider spaces; 20 x 20, 20 x 30 and 30 x 30 cm during two weeks after transplanting.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing differences in infestation disappeared from week three.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- transplanting spacinge0
- Interactor
- RLMe0pest
- Outcome
- RLM infestation differencese0
- Direction
- noe0
- Qualifier
- beginning from the third week after transplantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no RLM infestation differences were detected due to transplanting spacing beginning from the third week after transplanting.”
t0“RICE LEAF MINER”
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