Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of various cropping systems in terms of yield, economic returns, and land use efficiency. The treatments included different intercropping and sole cropping systems, with a focus on maize, cowpea, Urd, cluster bean, coriander, and their combinations. The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha. Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves. The highest monetary equivalent yield (MEY) was found in T9 (53.09), while the lowest was recorded in T4 (17.61). The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) also demonstrated the advantages of intercropping, with T9 achieving the highest LER of 1.69, followed by T6 (Maize + Urd, 1:1) at 1.67. In terms of economic analysis, the highest cost of cultivation was recorded in T8 (Maize + Coriander, 1:1), while the lowest was observed in T2 (Urd sole). Gross and net return were highest in T9 (77.41 thousand/ha and 40.82 thousand/ha, respectively), with the lowest gross and net returns recorded in T4 (Coriander sole). The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio was highest in T2 (2.51), while T4 recorded the lowest (0.93). The findings underscore the benefits of intercropping systems, particularly maize + cowpea, in improving land use efficiency and maximizing economic returns. In contrast, sole cropping systems, especially coriander, resulted in lower yields and economic viability. This study highlights the potential of intercropping for sustainable and profitable agricultural practices.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seed yield was highest under maize and cowpea intercropping at 18.55 q/ha.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seed yield was highest under maize and cowpea intercropping at 30.51 q/ha.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0e1 - Treatment
- T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30.51 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Urd sole cropping had the lowest seed yield, 9.61 q/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stover yield was highest under maize and cowpea intercropping at 40.87 q/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea stover yield was highest under maize and cowpea intercropping at 167.42 q/ha.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0e1
- Treatment
- T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1)e0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 167.42 q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coriander sole cropping produced no stover yield.
- Taxon
- Coriander
Coriandrum sativume0e1 - Treatment
- T4 (Coriander sole)e0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- no stover yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Monetary equivalent yield was highest for maize and cowpea intercropping at 53.09.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest monetary equivalent yield (MEY) was found in T9 (53.09), while the lowest was recorded in T4 (17.61).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Monetary equivalent yield was lowest for coriander sole cropping at 17.61.
- Taxon
- CorianderCoriandrum sativume0e1
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- monetary equivalent yield (MEY)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 17.61e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest monetary equivalent yield (MEY) was found in T9 (53.09), while the lowest was recorded in T4 (17.61).”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio was highest for maize and cowpea intercropping at 1.69.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) also demonstrated the advantages of intercropping, with T9 achieving the highest LER of 1.69, followed by T6 (Maize + Urd, 1:1) at 1.67.”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and urd intercropping had a land equivalent ratio of 1.67, second to T9.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) also demonstrated the advantages of intercropping, with T9 achieving the highest LER of 1.69, followed by T6 (Maize + Urd, 1:1) at 1.67.”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation cost was highest with maize and coriander intercropping.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of economic analysis, the highest cost of cultivation was recorded in T8 (Maize + Coriander, 1:1), while the lowest was observed in T2 (Urd sole).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation cost was lowest with sole urd.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In terms of economic analysis, the highest cost of cultivation was recorded in T8 (Maize + Coriander, 1:1), while the lowest was observed in T2 (Urd sole).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross return was highest under T9 at 77.41 thousand/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross and net return were highest in T9 (77.41 thousand/ha and 40.82 thousand/ha, respectively), with the lowest gross and net returns recorded in T4 (Coriander sole).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was highest under T9 at 40.82 thousand/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross and net return were highest in T9 (77.41 thousand/ha and 40.82 thousand/ha, respectively), with the lowest gross and net returns recorded in T4 (Coriander sole).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross and net returns were lowest under sole coriander.
- Taxon
- CorianderCoriandrum sativume0e1
- Treatment
- T4 (Coriander sole)e0
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross and net return were highest in T9 (77.41 thousand/ha and 40.82 thousand/ha, respectively), with the lowest gross and net returns recorded in T4 (Coriander sole).”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit-cost ratio was highest under sole urd at 2.51.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio was highest in T2 (2.51), while T4 recorded the lowest (0.93).”
e1“The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1), which achieved 18.55 and 30.51 q/ha, respectively, while the lowest yield was observed in T2 (Urd sole) with 9.61 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit-cost ratio was lowest under sole coriander at 0.93.
- Taxon
- CorianderCoriandrum sativume0e1
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost (B:C) ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio was highest in T2 (2.51), while T4 recorded the lowest (0.93).”
e1“Similarly, the highest stover yield was obtained in T9 (Maize + Cowpea, 1:1) with 40.87 and 167.42 q/ha respectively, while T4 (Coriander sole) recorded no stover yield, as coriander is primarily grown for its leaves.”
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See all 127 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.