Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi during 2010–12 to find-out the influence of tillage practices and cropping systems on crop productivity and soil health in maize (Zea mays L.)/soybean (Glycine max L.) based cropping systems. Results revealed that minimum tillage with crop residue mulch improved the yield of component crops by 5–22% as well as system productivity by 5.4–7.1% in current study. The effect of minimum tillage on crop yields was more pronounced among summer season crops followed by winter season crops. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and available NPK as well as S exhibited marked improvement due to minimum tillage over conventional tillage. Soil pH and soil physical properties revealed favourable effects of minimum tillage over initial status. On an average, maize/soybean grown after summer greengram observed about 10–12% increase in yield than grown after spring sunflower. Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize. Yield of spring sunflower in soybean– vegetable pea–sunflower system was 18 and 11% higher than its yield in maize–potato–sunflower and maize– vegetable pea–sunflower systems, respectively. The productivity of soybean based cropping systems was higher than that of maize based systems. With intervention of vegetable pea and potato during winter and sunflower during spring; the productivity of maize/soybean–vegetable pea/potato–sunflower systems was enhanced by 128% over maize/soybean–wheat–greengram systems. Similarly, replacement of wheat with coriander in maize/soybean–wheat– greengram system also improved the system productivity markedly. Diversified soybean–fenugreek/wheat/coriander– greengram systems also led to a marked improvement in SOC over initial status. Intervention of legumes also improved the available N, while cropping systems without non–legumes showed a decline in available N over initial status.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with residue mulch raised component crop yields by 5–22%.
- Treatment
- minimum tillage with crop residue mulche0
- Outcome
- yield of component cropse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5–22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum tillage with crop residue mulch improved the yield of component crops by 5–22% as well as system productivity by 5.4–7.1%”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with residue mulch raised system productivity by 5.4–7.1%.
- Treatment
- minimum tillage with crop residue mulche0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.4–7.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum tillage with crop residue mulch improved the yield of component crops by 5–22% as well as system productivity by 5.4–7.1%”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage effect on crop yield was stronger in summer than winter crops.
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- winter season cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of minimum tillage on crop yields was more pronounced among summer season crops followed by winter season crops.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage improved soil organic carbon versus conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- Soil organic carbon (SOC)e0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC) and available NPK as well as S exhibited marked improvement due to minimum tillage over conventional tillage.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage improved available NPK and S versus conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- available NPK as well as Se0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC) and available NPK as well as S exhibited marked improvement due to minimum tillage over conventional tillage.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage favorably affected soil pH and physical properties versus initial status.
- Treatment
- minimum tillagee0
- Outcome
- Soil pH and soil physical propertiese0
- Direction
- favourablee0
- Comparator
- initial statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil pH and soil physical properties revealed favourable effects of minimum tillage over initial status.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize/soybean after summer greengram yielded 10–12% more than after spring sunflower.
- Taxon
- maize/soybean
Glycine max
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- after summer greengrame0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10–12%e0
- Comparator
- after spring sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize/soybean grown after summer greengram observed about 10–12% increase in yield than grown after spring sunflower.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield after soybean was 10.4% higher than after maize.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- after soybeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.4e0
- Comparator
- after maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coriander yield after soybean was 6.9% higher than after maize.
- Taxon
- coriander
Coriandrum sativume0 - Treatment
- after soybeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.9e0
- Comparator
- after maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenugreek yield after soybean was 3.8% higher than after maize.
- Taxon
- fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecume0 - Treatment
- after soybeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.8e0
- Comparator
- after maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetable pea yield after soybean was 6% higher than after maize.
Verbatim
e0“Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato yield after soybean was 11% higher than after maize.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- after soybeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- after maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter season wheat, coriander, fenugreek, vegetable pea and potato exhibited 10.4, 6.9, 3.8, 6 and 11% higher yield after soybean compared to their respective yields after maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring sunflower yield in soybean–vegetable pea–sunflower was 18% higher than maize–potato–sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- soybean– vegetable pea–sunflower systeme0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18e0
- Comparator
- maize–potato–sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of spring sunflower in soybean– vegetable pea–sunflower system was 18 and 11% higher than its yield in maize–potato–sunflower and maize– vegetable pea–sunflower systems, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring sunflower yield in soybean–vegetable pea–sunflower was 11% higher than maize–vegetable pea–sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- soybean– vegetable pea–sunflower systeme0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- maize– vegetable pea–sunflower systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of spring sunflower in soybean– vegetable pea–sunflower system was 18 and 11% higher than its yield in maize–potato–sunflower and maize– vegetable pea–sunflower systems, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean-based systems had higher productivity than maize-based systems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maize based systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The productivity of soybean based cropping systems was higher than that of maize based systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding winter vegetable pea or potato and spring sunflower raised system productivity 128% over wheat–greengram systems.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse0
- Treatment
- maize/soybean–vegetable pea/potato–sunflower systemse0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 128%e0
- Comparator
- maize/soybean–wheat–greengram systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the productivity of maize/soybean–vegetable pea/potato–sunflower systems was enhanced by 128% over maize/soybean–wheat–greengram systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing wheat with coriander markedly improved system productivity.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse0
- Treatment
- replacement of wheat with coriandere0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- maize/soybean–wheat– greengram systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“replacement of wheat with coriander in maize/soybean–wheat– greengram system also improved the system productivity markedly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified soybean rotations markedly improved soil organic carbon.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Diversified soybean–fenugreek/wheat/coriander– greengram systemse0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- initial statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diversified soybean–fenugreek/wheat/coriander– greengram systems also led to a marked improvement in SOC over initial status.”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume intervention improved available nitrogen.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intervention of legumes also improved the available N”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping systems without non-legumes declined in available nitrogen versus initial status.
- Treatment
- cropping systems without non–legumese0
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- initial statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cropping systems without non–legumes showed a decline in available N over initial status.”
t0“maize”
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See all 102 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.