Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) and different concentrations of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (50, 100, and 150 ppm) on the growth characteristics of sunflower in Northeast Iran. Results showed nitrogen application improved the plant height, the number of leaves, canopy width and decreased the diameter of the stem. The longest leaves were recorded in the plants grown with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2. The application of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen significantly increased the head diameter, and the foliar application of 100 ppm SiO2 under high nitrogen application. Nitrogen utilization improved the positive effect of SiO2 on achene yield components. Maximum head weight was obtained with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2 while maximum achene weight was achieved for plants grown with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 50 ppm SiO2. Application of high doses of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (100 and 150 ppm) decreased the weight of achene while nitrogen application increased this component. Foliar application of concentrated Si solution decreased the number of achene in the head. High achene yield was recorded following application of 80 kg N ha-1 with 100 ppm SiO2 and 120 kg N ha-1 and 50 ppm SiO2. The results indicated that the application of 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen increased the achene yield 21%, 57%, and 52% compared to the control, respectively. Taken together, the results exhibited that the use of 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with foliar spray with a 50 or 100 ppm of silicon dioxide nanoparticles can significantly improve the sunflower performance.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application improved sunflower plant height, leaf number and canopy width.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant height, the number of leaves, canopy widthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen application improved the plant height, the number of leaves, canopy width and decreased the diameter of the stem”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application decreased sunflower stem diameter.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- diameter of the steme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen application improved the plant height, the number of leaves, canopy width and decreased the diameter of the stem”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest sunflower leaves occurred with 80 kg N ha-1 plus 100 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- longeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The longest leaves were recorded in the plants grown with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 80 or 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen significantly increased sunflower head diameter.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80 and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogene0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen significantly increased the head diameter”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved the positive effect of SiO2 on sunflower achene yield components.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen utilizatione0
- Outcome
- achene yield componentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen utilization improved the positive effect of SiO2 on achene yield components”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum sunflower head weight occurred with 80 kg N ha-1 followed by 100 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- head weighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum head weight was obtained with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 100 ppm SiO2”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum sunflower achene weight occurred with 80 kg N ha-1 followed by 50 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 50 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- achene weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum achene weight was achieved for plants grown with application of 80 kg N ha-1 followed by spray of 50 ppm SiO2”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
High SiO2 nanoparticle doses of 100 and 150 ppm decreased sunflower achene weight.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- high doses of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (100 and 150 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- weight of achenee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of high doses of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (100 and 150 ppm) decreased the weight of achene”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased sunflower achene weight.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- weight of achenee1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen application increased this component”
e1“weight of achene”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrated Si foliar solution decreased the number of achenes per sunflower head.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- concentrated Si solutione0
- Outcome
- number of achene in the heade0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of concentrated Si solution decreased the number of achene in the head”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
High sunflower achene yield was recorded with 80 kg N ha-1 plus 100 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80 kg N ha-1 with 100 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- Highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High achene yield was recorded following application of 80 kg N ha-1 with 100 ppm SiO2 and 120 kg N ha-1 and 50 ppm SiO2”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
High sunflower achene yield was recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 plus 50 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg N ha-1 and 50 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- Highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High achene yield was recorded following application of 80 kg N ha-1 with 100 ppm SiO2 and 120 kg N ha-1 and 50 ppm SiO2”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
40 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased sunflower achene yield by 21% relative to control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 40e0
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen increased the achene yield 21%, 57%, and 52% compared to the control”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
80 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased sunflower achene yield by 57% relative to control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 80e0
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen increased the achene yield 21%, 57%, and 52% compared to the control”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
120 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased sunflower achene yield by 52% relative to control.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- achene yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen increased the achene yield 21%, 57%, and 52% compared to the control”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen with 50 ppm silicon dioxide nanoparticles can significantly improve sunflower performance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with foliar spray with a 50e0
- Outcome
- sunflower performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with foliar spray with a 50 or 100 ppm of silicon dioxide nanoparticles can significantly improve the sunflower performance”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen with 100 ppm silicon dioxide nanoparticles can significantly improve sunflower performance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm of silicon dioxide nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- sunflower performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen along with foliar spray with a 50 or 100 ppm of silicon dioxide nanoparticles can significantly improve the sunflower performance”
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181 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 196 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.