Abstract
Background: Pesticides have been used extensively in agriculture to control pests, plants, weeds, insects and other species that can harm crop plants. Pesticides are wide words for substances that are used to eradicate undesired organisms from crops in order to preserve or increase crop yield. Herbicide application requires technical ability in the selection of a specific herbicide, the safe application dose and the application method. The current study aimed to study the effect of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides on the growth and soil attributes of maize. Methods: The experimental site was East which falls under the central plain zone of agro-climatic zones of Punjab. It comprised 10 treatments of different herbicide combinations. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Maize variety PMH-13 was used as a test crop and sown in July 2022 at a row spacing of 60´20 cm. Results revealed that (T8) Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS was the most superior herbicide treatment in increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth, chlorophyll content, cob length, cob girth, with soil attributes. Result: The highest grain yield (59.0 q/ha) and stover (117.06 q/ha) of maize were also recorded under Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb hand weeding at 20 DAS. Atrazine pre-emergence application at a dosage of 1 kg ai/ha resulted in faster growth and lower weed density at 20 DAS. T8, which is atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS, is suggested for increased grain yield in the Trans Gangatic region based on performance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The T8 herbicide and hand weeding combination was superior for plant height, leaves, dry matter, and stem girth.
- Treatment
- Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(T8) Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS was the most superior herbicide treatment in increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 increased chlorophyll content.
- Treatment
- Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DASe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth, chlorophyll content, cob length, cob girth”
t0“Maize”
e1“(T8) Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS was the most superior herbicide treatment in increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth, chlorophyll content, cob length, cob girth”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 increased cob length and girth.
- Treatment
- Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DASe1
- Outcome
- cob length, cob girthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth, chlorophyll content, cob length, cob girth”
t0“Maize”
e1“(T8) Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS was the most superior herbicide treatment in increasing plant height, Number of leaves, crop dry matter accumulation, stem girth, chlorophyll content, cob length, cob girth”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 gave the highest grain yield, 59.0 q/ha.
- Treatment
- Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb hand weeding at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 59.0 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (59.0 q/ha) and stover (117.06 q/ha) of maize were also recorded under Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb hand weeding at 20 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 gave the highest stover yield, 117.06 q/ha.
- Treatment
- Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb hand weeding at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- stovere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 117.06 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (59.0 q/ha) and stover (117.06 q/ha) of maize were also recorded under Atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb hand weeding at 20 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence treatment gave faster growth.
- Treatment
- Atrazine pre-emergence application at a dosage of 1 kg ai/hae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- fastere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine pre-emergence application at a dosage of 1 kg ai/ha resulted in faster growth and lower weed density at 20 DAS”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine pre-emergence treatment lowered weed density at 20 DAS.
- Treatment
- Atrazine pre-emergence application at a dosage of 1 kg ai/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 20 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Atrazine pre-emergence application at a dosage of 1 kg ai/ha resulted in faster growth and lower weed density at 20 DAS”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest T8 for increased grain yield in the Trans Gangatic region.
- Treatment
- atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DASe0
- Outcome
- increased grain yielde0
- Setting
- Trans Gangatic regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T8, which is atrazine @ 0.50 kg ai/ha + pendimethalin @ 1 kg ai/ha (Tank mix) (PE) fb HW at 20 DAS, is suggested for increased grain yield in the Trans Gangatic region based on performance”
t0“Maize”
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