Abstract
Effective agricultural practices are pivotal for ensuring optimal crop yields and sustainable farming. Two critical factors that significantly influence crop productivity are the date of planting and the weeding regime. An experiment was carried out to investigate how the timing of planting and the frequency of weeding impact the growth characteristics and fodder yield of maize. The study involved three planting dates viz. 15 November (D1), 15 December (D2) and 14 January (D3) along with five different weeding regimes viz. no weeding (W0), two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) (W1), pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (W2), post-emergence herbicide (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS (W3), and pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + post-emergence (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) herbicide (W4). The growth characteristics and the amount of dry fodder produced were notably affected by the timing of planting, the method of weeding and how these factors interacted. At harvest, the tallest plant (138.48 cm) and total dry matter production plant-1 (37.32 g) were recorded in the plants sown on 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS. The maximum number of leaves plant-1 (13.33) and leaf chlorophyll content (116.60) were obtained from15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + post-emergence (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) herbicide and 14 January with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS. The highest dry fodder yield (4.14 t ha-1) was achieved with maize planted on 15 November and treated with pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 days after sowing. Based on the study, it can be concluded that planting on November 15 using a pre-emergence + one hand weeding 30 days after sowing may result in the tallest plants, maximum total dry matter production and the maximum dry fodder yield of maize.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The November 15 planting with pendimethalin and one hand weeding yielded the tallest plants at harvest.
- Treatment
- 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- tallest plante0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 138.48 cme0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the tallest plant (138.48 cm) and total dry matter production plant-1 (37.32 g) were recorded in the plants sown on 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment yielded 37.32 g total dry matter per plant.
- Treatment
- 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- total dry matter production plant-1e0
- Direction
- talleste1
- Value
- 37.32 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“total dry matter production plant-1 (37.32 g) were recorded in the plants sown on 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS”
e1“the tallest plant (138.48 cm) and total dry matter production plant-1 (37.32 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum leaf number was 13.33 per plant under November 15 sowing with pre and post emergence herbicides.
- Treatment
- 15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + post-emergence (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) herbicidee0
- Outcome
- number of leaves plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 13.33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“The maximum number of leaves plant-1 (13.33) and leaf chlorophyll content (116.60) were obtained from15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + post-emergence (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) herbicide and 14 January with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
January 14 sowing with pendimethalin and one hand weeding gave leaf chlorophyll content of 116.60.
- Treatment
- 14 January with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DASe0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 116.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“leaf chlorophyll content (116.60) were obtained from15 November with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + post-emergence (pyrazosulfuran-ethyl) herbicide and 14 January with the application of pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS”
e1“The maximum number of leaves plant-1 (13.33) and leaf chlorophyll content (116.60)”
Claim · model-written summary
November 15 sowing with pendimethalin and one hand weeding gave the highest dry fodder yield of 4.14 t ha-1.
- Treatment
- planted on 15 November and treated with pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- dry fodder yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.14 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“The highest dry fodder yield (4.14 t ha-1) was achieved with maize planted on 15 November and treated with pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) + one hand weeding at 30 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended November 15 planting with pre-emergence herbicide and hand weeding for maximum growth and fodder yield.
- Outcome
- planting on November 15 using a pre-emergence + one hand weeding 30 days after sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“planting on November 15 using a pre-emergence + one hand weeding 30 days after sowing may result in the tallest plants, maximum total dry matter production and the maximum dry fodder yield of maize”
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