Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Karimnagar, during kharif, 2023.This experiment was plotted in a randomized block design, with ten treatments with three replications.Treatments were T1 -Atrazine 50% WP 0.5 kg a.i ha - 1 as PE fb HW at 40 DAS, T2 -Pyroxasulfone 85% w/w WG 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE fb HW at 40 DAS, T3 -Halosulfuron methyl 5% + atrazine 48% WG (RM) 0.05625 + 0.540 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T4 -Topramezone 10 g l -1 + atrazine 300 g l - 1 SC (RM) 0.775 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T5 -Mesotrione 2.27% w/w + atrazine 22.7% w/w SC (RM) 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T6 -Pyroxasulfone 85% w/w WG 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE fb halosulfuron methyl 75% WG 0.0675 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T7 -Pyroxasulfone 85% w/w WG 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE fb tembotrione 34.4% SC 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T8 -Pyroxasulfone 85% w/w WG 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE fb topramezone 336 g l -1 w/v SC 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as POE at 20 DAS fb HW at 40 DAS, T9 -Weedy check, T10 -Weed free (HW at 20 and 40 DAS).The experimental field soil was Sandy loam soils with a pH of 7.6 and EC of 0.23 dS m -1 .The experimental soil contains 0.28% organic carbon.The available nitrogen was low with 180 kg N ha -1 and the available phosphorus and potassium were high with 53 kg P2O5 ha -1 and 315 kg K2O ha -1 , respectively.It was observed that various weed management practices significantly influenced the grain yield, stover yield and economic returns in maize.The weed-free treatment (hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) led to notably higher grain (7083 kg ha -1 ) and stover yields (8042 kg ha -1 ) over other treatments.Among herbicides, the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) treatment fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) treatment at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS, resulted in the highest grain yield (6875 kg ha -1 ) and stover yield (7792 kg ha -1 ).This was statistically on par with the treatment of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6406 and 7195 kg ha -1 for grain and stover, respectively), as well as the mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6250 and 6944 kg ha -1 ).The higher benefit cost ratio was recorded in weed free treatment (2.49) and with the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.48).This was followed closely by pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.28), as well as mesotrione + atrazine (RM) at 0.875 kg a.i ha as PoE at 20 DAS with hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.27).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free hand weeding produced the highest maize grain yield at 7083 kg ha -1.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“The weed-free treatment (hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) led to notably higher grain (7083 kg ha -1 ) and stover yields (8042 kg ha -1 ) over other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free hand weeding produced the highest maize stover yield at 8042 kg ha -1.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“The weed-free treatment (hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) led to notably higher grain (7083 kg ha -1 ) and stover yields (8042 kg ha -1 ) over other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone followed by tembotrione and hand weeding gave the highest herbicide-treatment grain yield, 6875 kg ha -1.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“Among herbicides, the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) treatment fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) treatment at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS, resulted in the highest grain yield (6875 kg ha -1 ) and stover yield (7792 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone followed by tembotrione and hand weeding gave the highest herbicide-treatment stover yield, 7792 kg ha -1.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“Among herbicides, the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) treatment fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) treatment at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS, resulted in the highest grain yield (6875 kg ha -1 ) and stover yield (7792 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS produced grain yield of 6406, statistically on par with the top herbicide treatment.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was statistically on par with the treatment of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6406 and 7195 kg ha -1 for grain and stover, respectively), as well as the mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6250 and 6944 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS produced stover yield of 7195 kg ha -1, statistically on par with the top herbicide treatment.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was statistically on par with the treatment of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6406 and 7195 kg ha -1 for grain and stover, respectively), as well as the mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6250 and 6944 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS produced grain yield of 6250, statistically on par with the top herbicide treatment.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was statistically on par with the treatment of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6406 and 7195 kg ha -1 for grain and stover, respectively), as well as the mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6250 and 6944 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS produced stover yield of 6944 kg ha -1, statistically on par with the top herbicide treatment.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was statistically on par with the treatment of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6406 and 7195 kg ha -1 for grain and stover, respectively), as well as the mesotrione + atrazine (RM) combination at 0.875 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (6250 and 6944 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
weed free treatment had a higher benefit cost ratio of 2.49.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“The higher benefit cost ratio was recorded in weed free treatment (2.49) and with the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.48)”
Claim · model-written summary
pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS had a higher benefit cost ratio of 2.48.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“The higher benefit cost ratio was recorded in weed free treatment (2.49) and with the application of pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as a pre-emergence (PE) fb tembotrione at 0.12 kg a.i ha -1 as a post-emergence (PoE) at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.48)”
Claim · model-written summary
pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS had a benefit cost ratio of 2.28.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was followed closely by pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.28), as well as mesotrione + atrazine (RM) at 0.875 kg a.i ha as PoE at 20 DAS with hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.27)”
Claim · model-written summary
mesotrione + atrazine (RM) at 0.875 kg a.i ha as PoE at 20 DAS with hand weeding at 40 DAS had a benefit cost ratio of 2.27.
Verbatim
t0“KHARIF MAIZE”
e0“This was followed closely by pyroxasulfone at 0.1275 kg a.i ha -1 as PE, followed by topramezone at 0.252 kg a.i ha -1 as PoE at 20 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.28), as well as mesotrione + atrazine (RM) at 0.875 kg a.i ha as PoE at 20 DAS with hand weeding at 40 DAS (2.27)”
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