Abstract
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.) is a versatile and resilient plant with significant culinary, medicinal, and ecological value. This study evaluates the impact of four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha⁻¹) on the morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits, as well as vegetative indices, of rosemary over two growing seasons (2022 and 2023). The results indicate that plant height and leaf area index (LAI) increased with N application. Additionally, physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and assimilation rates (A) increased by an average of 32%, 17%, and 55%, respectively, compared to the control. Biomass production also improved with N fertilization, with yields rising by 32% in 2022 and 58% in 2023. Furthermore, both essential oil concentration and essential oil yield were enhanced by N application. Radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) also increased, indicating more efficient utilization of environmental resources. Moreover, higher N rates consistently enhanced vegetation indices, reflecting improved plant health, greenness, biomass, photosynthetic activity, and energy utilization. Therefore, this study highlights that the optimal N range appears to balance biomass yield and essential oil yield while maximizing the efficiency of environmental resource use.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and leaf area index increased with N application.
- Taxon
- Rosemary
Salvia rosmarinuse1 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant height and leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height and leaf area index (LAI) increased with N application”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content increased by an average of 32% compared with the control with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertilization levelse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and assimilation rates (A) increased by an average of 32%, 17%, and 55%, respectively, compared to the control”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
e2“four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic efficiency increased by an average of 17% compared with the control with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertilization levelse2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and assimilation rates (A) increased by an average of 32%, 17%, and 55%, respectively, compared to the control”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
e2“four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Assimilation rates increased by an average of 55% compared with the control with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertilization levelse2
- Outcome
- assimilation rates (A)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and assimilation rates (A) increased by an average of 32%, 17%, and 55%, respectively, compared to the control”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
e2“four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass production rose by 32% in 2022 with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Biomass productione0
- Direction
- risinge0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass production also improved with N fertilization, with yields rising by 32% in 2022 and 58% in 2023”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass production rose by 58% in 2023 with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Biomass productione0
- Direction
- risinge0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass production also improved with N fertilization, with yields rising by 32% in 2022 and 58% in 2023”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil concentration and essential oil yield were enhanced by N application.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- essential oil concentration and essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both essential oil concentration and essential oil yield were enhanced by N application”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency increased with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertilization levelse2
- Outcome
- Radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) also increased”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
e2“four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity increased with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertilization levelse2
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radiation use efficiency (RUE), water use efficiency (WUE), agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) also increased”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
e2“four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N rates consistently enhanced vegetation indices.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Treatment
- higher N ratese0
- Outcome
- vegetation indicese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher N rates consistently enhanced vegetation indices”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude the optimal N range balances biomass yield and essential oil yield while maximizing environmental resource use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RosemarySalvia rosmarinuse1
- Outcome
- optimal N rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal N range appears to balance biomass yield and essential oil yield while maximizing the efficiency of environmental resource use”
e1“Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus L.)”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.