Abstract
Under the conditions of climate change and the need to preserve soil fertility, an important aspect of modern agriculture is the search for effective primary tillage techniques. The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine has a significant impact on crop productivity and the ecological sustainability of agroecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different primary tillage methods on growth processes and maize grain yield. The research was conducted during 2019–2021 on ordinary chernozem with a humus content of 4.2% and an annual precipitation level of 495 mm. The experiment included four primary tillage treatments: ploughing (23–25 cm), chisel tillage (25–27 cm), disc harrowing (10–12 cm), and No-till. Herbicide application, weed control, biometric measurements of maize plants, and grain yield determination were carried out in accordance with standard methodologies. It was established that the tillage system significantly influenced yield parameters. The highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha) was obtained after ploughing, while chisel tillage provided 6.62 t/ha, disc harrowing – 6.27 t/ha, and No-till – 6.11 t/ha. Reducing tillage depth decreased field emergence by 3.3–7.8% compared to ploughing. Herbicide application reduced weed density by 58–91%. It was found that minimal and zero tillage promoted the accumulation of crop residues in the upper soil layer (up to 97%), which influenced the thermal regime and slowed crop emergence. Ploughing was identified as the optimal primary tillage method for maize cultivation in the region, ensuring the highest yield as well as uniform plant growth and development. Minimal and zero tillage contributed to the accumulation of organic residues in the upper soil layer, which positively affected erosion resistance but reduced seedling emergence and yield. The obtained results can be used for developing adaptive farming systems under the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughing gave the highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha).
- Treatment
- ploughinge1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6.99 t/hae1
- Comparator
- chisel tillagee1
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e1“The highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha) was obtained after ploughing, while chisel tillage provided 6.62 t/ha, disc harrowing – 6.27 t/ha, and No-till – 6.11 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel tillage gave a lower maize yield (6.62 t/ha) than ploughing.
- Treatment
- chisel tillagee1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 6.62 t/hae1
- Comparator
- ploughinge1
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e1“The highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha) was obtained after ploughing, while chisel tillage provided 6.62 t/ha, disc harrowing – 6.27 t/ha, and No-till – 6.11 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Disc harrowing gave a lower maize yield (6.27 t/ha) than ploughing.
- Treatment
- disc harrowinge1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 6.27 t/hae1
- Comparator
- ploughinge1
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e1“The highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha) was obtained after ploughing, while chisel tillage provided 6.62 t/ha, disc harrowing – 6.27 t/ha, and No-till – 6.11 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till gave a lower maize yield (6.11 t/ha) than ploughing.
- Treatment
- No-tille1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 6.11 t/hae1
- Comparator
- ploughinge1
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e1“The highest maize yield (6.99 t/ha) was obtained after ploughing, while chisel tillage provided 6.62 t/ha, disc harrowing – 6.27 t/ha, and No-till – 6.11 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing tillage depth decreased field emergence of maize by 3.3–7.8% compared with ploughing.
- Treatment
- Reducing tillage depthe2
- Outcome
- field emergencee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 3.3–7.8%e2
- Comparator
- ploughinge2
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e2“Reducing tillage depth decreased field emergence by 3.3–7.8% compared to ploughing”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application reduced weed density in maize by 58–91%.
- Treatment
- Herbicide applicatione3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 58–91%e3
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e3“Herbicide application reduced weed density by 58–91%”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimal and zero tillage increased the accumulation of crop residues in the upper soil layer by up to 97%.
- Treatment
- minimal and zero tillagee4
- Outcome
- accumulation of crop residues in the upper soil layere4
- Direction
- promotede4
- Value
- up to 97%e4
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e4“minimal and zero tillage promoted the accumulation of crop residues in the upper soil layer (up to 97%), which influenced the thermal regime and slowed crop emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimal and zero tillage slowed maize crop emergence, with residues influencing the thermal regime.
- Treatment
- minimal and zero tillagee4
- Outcome
- crop emergencee4
- Direction
- slowede4
- Qualifier
- which influenced the thermal regimee4
- Setting
- Northern Steppe of Ukrainee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e4“minimal and zero tillage promoted the accumulation of crop residues in the upper soil layer (up to 97%), which influenced the thermal regime and slowed crop emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughing is recommended as the optimal primary tillage method for maize in the region.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e5“Ploughing was identified as the optimal primary tillage method for maize cultivation in the region, ensuring the highest yield as well as uniform plant growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimal and zero tillage reduced seedling emergence and yield of maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e6“Minimal and zero tillage contributed to the accumulation of organic residues in the upper soil layer, which positively affected erosion resistance but reduced seedling emergence and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimal and zero tillage positively affected erosion resistance of the soil under maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimisation of maize cultivation technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine”
e6“Minimal and zero tillage contributed to the accumulation of organic residues in the upper soil layer, which positively affected erosion resistance but reduced seedling emergence and yield”
The same questions in other papers
(1S)-isoindoline-1-carboxylic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →tillage · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
32 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →tillage · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
86 papers in the same direction as this paper · 196 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
279 papers more in this group
See all 283 papers →herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
402 papers more in this group
See all 406 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.