Abstract
The comprehensive understanding of how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus (P) application affect P uptake by alfalfa roots is poorly understood. We analyzed the effects of AMF inoculation and P application levels on the trade-offs and variations in P acquisition strategies of alfalfa by assessing plant growth, root morphology, organic acid contents, phosphatase activity, root transcriptome, and soil P forms. AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents (glutaric acid, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid, gallic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and fumaric acid) and phosphatase activity synthesized by alfalfa and secreted by the roots and hyphae, which activated soil Ca 2 -P, Fe-P, and organic P, promoting root growth for P absorption and biomass. Without AMF inoculation, plant biomass, P accumulation, and root growth increased with increasing P application, and organic acid contents were higher at P20 and P40 (20 and 40 mg P kg –1 dry soil). AMF colonization and phosphatase played a crucial role in P acquisition under P-limiting conditions.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents in alfalfa roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- organic acid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- fivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents (glutaric acid, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid, gallic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and fumaric acid)”
e1“P uptake by alfalfa roots”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- phosphatase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents (glutaric acid, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid, gallic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and fumaric acid) and phosphatase activity synthesized by alfalfa”
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF associated secretions activated soil calcium, iron, and organic phosphorus forms.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- soil Ca 2 -P, Fe-P, and organic Pe0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which activated soil Ca 2 -P, Fe-P, and organic P, promoting root growth for P absorption and biomass”
e1“AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents”
e2“P uptake by alfalfa roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Without AMF, biomass, phosphorus accumulation and root growth increased as phosphorus application increased.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant biomass, P accumulation, and root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without AMF inoculation, plant biomass, P accumulation, and root growth increased with increasing P application”
e1“P uptake by alfalfa roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Without AMF, organic acid contents were higher at P20 and P40.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- P20 and P40e0
- Outcome
- organic acid contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic acid contents were higher at P20 and P40 (20 and 40 mg P kg –1 dry soil)”
e1“P uptake by alfalfa roots”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.