Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that threatens crop yield and food supply in saline soil areas. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in arid and semiarid land areas, which are often adversely affected by soil salinity. Hence, creating salt tolerance wheat is of great value for utilizing saline soils. In this study, two wheat cultivars QingMai 6 (QM6, salt-tolerant) and Chinese Spring (CS, salt-sensitive) were subjected to salinity stress. Morphological analysis showed that the seedlings of QM6 grew better than CS under salt stress conditions, especially in roots. Electron microscopic studies revealed that salinity stress caused significantly more root hairs and less effect on normal chloroplast structure in QM6 than these in CS. Moreover, QM6 showed a higher photosynthetic activity under salt stress conditions compared to CS. Further investigation showed the salt-tolerant phenotypes of QM6 were accompanied by decreases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and lower antioxidant enzyme activities after salt treatment compared with CS. Additionally, qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression level of ROS-scavenging genes ( TaSOD6 , TaCAT1/5/6 , TaPOD7, TaP5CS1 ) and stress-responsive genes ( TaDREB3 , TaWRKY19 , TaERF5a, TaLTP1, TaTIP2 ) displayed more transcripts in QM6 than CS. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in wheat, and could be potentially used to develop salt tolerant wheat varieties.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 seedlings grew better than Chinese Spring under salt stress, especially in roots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- QM6e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- seedlings of QM6 grew bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedlings of QM6 grew better than CS under salt stress conditions, especially in roots”
e1“two wheat cultivars QingMai 6 (QM6, salt-tolerant) and Chinese Spring (CS, salt-sensitive)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress caused significantly more root hairs in QM6 than CS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- QM6e0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- root hairse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress caused significantly more root hairs and less effect on normal chloroplast structure in QM6 than these in CS”
e1“two wheat cultivars QingMai 6 (QM6, salt-tolerant) and Chinese Spring (CS, salt-sensitive)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress affected normal chloroplast structure less in QM6 than CS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- QM6e0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- normal chloroplast structuree0
- Direction
- less effecte0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress caused significantly more root hairs and less effect on normal chloroplast structure in QM6 than these in CS”
e1“two wheat cultivars QingMai 6 (QM6, salt-tolerant) and Chinese Spring (CS, salt-sensitive)”
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 had higher photosynthetic activity than CS under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- QM6e0
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“QM6 showed a higher photosynthetic activity under salt stress conditions compared to CS”
e1“two wheat cultivars QingMai 6 (QM6, salt-tolerant) and Chinese Spring (CS, salt-sensitive)”
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 had lower reactive oxygen species content than CS after salt treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- QM6e1
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and lower antioxidant enzyme activities after salt treatment compared with CS”
e1“salt-tolerant phenotypes of QM6”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 had lower antioxidant enzyme activities than CS after salt treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- QM6e1
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower antioxidant enzyme activities after salt treatment compared with CS”
e1“salt-tolerant phenotypes of QM6”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 had more transcripts of ROS scavenging genes than CS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- QM6e0
- Gene
- TaSOD6 , TaCAT1/5/6 , TaPOD7, TaP5CS1e0
- Outcome
- expression level of ROS-scavenging genese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression level of ROS-scavenging genes ( TaSOD6 , TaCAT1/5/6 , TaPOD7, TaP5CS1 ) and stress-responsive genes ( TaDREB3 , TaWRKY19 , TaERF5a, TaLTP1, TaTIP2 ) displayed more transcripts in QM6 than CS”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
QM6 had more transcripts of stress responsive genes than CS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- QM6e0
- Gene
- TaDREB3 , TaWRKY19 , TaERF5a, TaLTP1, TaTIP2e0
- Outcome
- stress-responsive genese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- CSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression level of ROS-scavenging genes ( TaSOD6 , TaCAT1/5/6 , TaPOD7, TaP5CS1 ) and stress-responsive genes ( TaDREB3 , TaWRKY19 , TaERF5a, TaLTP1, TaTIP2 ) displayed more transcripts in QM6 than CS”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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