Abstract
Conventional multi-split nitrogen (N) application by broadcasting (CSB) often leads to reduced yields and lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in direct-seeded rice. One-time root zone targeted fertilization (ORZTF) has been suggested as an effective alternative to improve grain yields and NUE. However, the optimal fertilization distance and its systematic impacts on productivity and environmental sustainability under ORZTF in direct-seeded rice remain unexplored. To address this, two field experiments were conducted at Huanghai Farm in Jiangsu Province. The first experiment (2021–2022) evaluated the effects of ORZTF at key distances (10 cm, 14 cm, 18 cm, and 22 cm) on yield and NUE. The second experiment (2021−2023) assessed an alternative row (AR) fertilization approach, rigorously evaluating ORZTF’s effects on yield, economic viability, and environmental impact. Results demonstrated that ORZTF at 14 cm achieved the highest yield by maintaining productive tiller numbers, chlorophyll content, and enhancing N uptake compared to CSB. Additionally, the AR approach based on a 14 cm distance increased average yield by 6.8% over three years by improving root development and raised net economic benefits by 12.6%. Furthermore, every-row (ER) fertilization significantly boosted 15 N accumulation in plants and soil by 76.9% and 48.9%, respectively, while reducing potential 15 N loss by 39.5% compared to CSB. Both ER and AR minimized N concentrations in floodwater and reduced ammonia volatilization (NH 3 ) to levels comparable to no-N treatment. In summary, optimizing fertilizer placement intervals and row configuration can enhance yields, economic benefits, and environmental sustainability in direct-seeded rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Root-zone fertilization at 14 cm achieved the highest yield versus broadcasting.
Verbatim
e0“ORZTF at 14 cm achieved the highest yield by maintaining productive tiller numbers, chlorophyll content, and enhancing N uptake compared to CSB.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 14 cm, productive tiller numbers were maintained.
Verbatim
e0“ORZTF at 14 cm achieved the highest yield by maintaining productive tiller numbers, chlorophyll content, and enhancing N uptake compared to CSB.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 14 cm, chlorophyll content was maintained.
Verbatim
e0“ORZTF at 14 cm achieved the highest yield by maintaining productive tiller numbers, chlorophyll content, and enhancing N uptake compared to CSB.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 14 cm, nitrogen uptake was enhanced.
Verbatim
e0“ORZTF at 14 cm achieved the highest yield by maintaining productive tiller numbers, chlorophyll content, and enhancing N uptake compared to CSB.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative-row fertilization increased average yield by 6.8%.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- AR approach based on a 14 cm distancee0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the AR approach based on a 14 cm distance increased average yield by 6.8% over three years”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative-row fertilization improved root development.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the AR approach based on a 14 cm distance increased average yield by 6.8% over three years by improving root development”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative-row fertilization raised net economic benefits by 12.6%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“raised net economic benefits by 12.6%.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Every-row fertilization increased plant 15 N accumulation by 76.9%.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- every-row (ER) fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- 15 N accumulation in plantse0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 76.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“every-row (ER) fertilization significantly boosted 15 N accumulation in plants and soil by 76.9% and 48.9%, respectively”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Every-row fertilization increased soil 15 N accumulation by 48.9%.
- Taxon
- direct-seeded ricet0
- Treatment
- every-row (ER) fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- 15 N accumulation in plants and soile0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 48.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“every-row (ER) fertilization significantly boosted 15 N accumulation in plants and soil by 76.9% and 48.9%, respectively”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Every-row fertilization reduced potential 15 N loss by 39.5% versus broadcasting.
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“reducing potential 15 N loss by 39.5% compared to CSB.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Both row approaches minimized nitrogen in floodwater.
Verbatim
e0“Both ER and AR minimized N concentrations in floodwater”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Both row approaches reduced ammonia volatilization to no-N levels.
Verbatim
e0“Both ER and AR minimized N concentrations in floodwater and reduced ammonia volatilization (NH 3 ) to levels comparable to no-N treatment.”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
989 papers more in this group
See all 993 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- positive
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.