Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of integrated nitrogen management and boron application on the cob characteristics and yield of maize (Zea mays L.).The experimental layout followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 15 treatment combinations replicated three times.Treatments consisted of various combinations of nitrogen sourced from urea, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), Azotobacter and boron.Among the treatments, T 2 (100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ) achieved the highest values for cob length (24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled), cob girth (16.6 cm in 2018, 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm pooled) and test weight (236 g in 2018, 231 g in 2019 and 234.3 g pooled).This was closely followed by T 14 (50% nitrogen through urea + 25% nitrogen through FYM + 25% nitrogen through Azotobacter + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ), which also showed significant improvement in these parameters.While cob length and girth responded significantly to nitrogen and boron levels, the number of rows per cob remained unaffected.Boron application positively influenced the number of grains per row and test weight, with T 2 producing the highest number of grains per row (29.6 in 2018 and 29.2 in 2019) and the heaviest test weight and grain yield (68.67 q/ha and 71.67 q/ha).In contrast, the lowest values for these parameters were observed in T 4 (50% nitrogen through urea + 50% nitrogen through FYM + boron @ 2 kg ha -1 ).The findings highlight the importance of integrated nutrient management strategies, particularly the combination of nitrogen and boron, in enhancing maize productivity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
T2 had the highest cob length, with 24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled.
- Treatment
- 100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- cob lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 24.2 cme0
- Qualifier
- 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm poolede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 2 (100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ) achieved the highest values for cob length (24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 had the highest cob girth, with 16.6 cm in 2018, 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm pooled.
- Treatment
- 100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- cob girthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.6 cme0
- Qualifier
- 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm poolede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 2 (100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ) achieved the highest values for cob length (24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled), cob girth (16.6 cm in 2018, 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm pooled)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 had the highest test weight, 236 g in 2018, 231 g in 2019 and 234.3 g pooled.
- Treatment
- 100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 236 ge0
- Qualifier
- 231 g in 2019 and 234.3 g poolede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 2 (100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ) achieved the highest values for cob length (24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled), cob girth (16.6 cm in 2018, 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm pooled) and test weight (236 g in 2018, 231 g in 2019 and 234.3 g pooled)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 significantly improved cob length, girth and test weight.
- Treatment
- 50% nitrogen through urea + 25% nitrogen through FYM + 25% nitrogen through Azotobacter + boron @ 3 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- cob lengthe1
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 14 (50% nitrogen through urea + 25% nitrogen through FYM + 25% nitrogen through Azotobacter + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 ), which also showed significant improvement in these parameters”
e1“cob length (24.2 cm in 2018, 24.3 cm in 2019, and 24.2 cm pooled), cob girth (16.6 cm in 2018, 17.4 cm in 2019, and 17.0 cm pooled) and test weight (236 g in 2018, 231 g in 2019 and 234.3 g pooled)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cob length and girth responded significantly to nitrogen and boron levels.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cob length and girth responded significantly to nitrogen and boron levels”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rows per cob were unaffected by nitrogen and boron levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While cob length and girth responded significantly to nitrogen and boron levels, the number of rows per cob remained unaffected”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron increased grains per row, with T2 highest at 29.6 in 2018 and 29.2 in 2019.
- Treatment
- Boron applicatione0
- Outcome
- number of grains per rowe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 29.6e0
- Qualifier
- 29.2 in 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron application positively influenced the number of grains per row and test weight, with T 2 producing the highest number of grains per row (29.6 in 2018 and 29.2 in 2019)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron positively influenced test weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron application positively influenced the number of grains per row and test weight”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 produced grain yields of 68.67 q/ha and 71.67 q/ha.
- Treatment
- 100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 68.67 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 71.67 q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T 2 producing the highest number of grains per row (29.6 in 2018 and 29.2 in 2019) and the heaviest test weight and grain yield (68.67 q/ha and 71.67 q/ha)”
e1“T 2 (100% nitrogen through urea + boron @ 3 kg ha -1 )”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had the lowest values for grains per row, test weight and grain yield.
- Treatment
- 50% nitrogen through urea + 50% nitrogen through FYM + boron @ 2 kg ha -1e0
- Outcome
- number of grains per row and test weighte1
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest values for these parameters were observed in T 4 (50% nitrogen through urea + 50% nitrogen through FYM + boron @ 2 kg ha -1 )”
e1“number of grains per row and test weight”
e2“grain yield (68.67 q/ha and 71.67 q/ha)”
t0“MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)”
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