Abstract
The protective role of silicon in relation to growth vigor of flag leaf, membrane characteristics (%), antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, membrane stability index (%) and membrane leakage, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants and nonphotosynthetic pigment contents were investigated in alkalinity stressed sorghum plants. In the majority of cases, alkalinity stress induced significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in leaf area and degree of succulence (non-significant increase in case of sensitive cultivar) of both sorghum cultivars during grain-filling. On the other hand, alkalinity stress induced a clear increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the degree of leaf sclerophylly of tolerant cultivar and a non-significant increase in case of sensitive cultivar. Alkalinity stress reduced bio-membranes stability through increasing its lipid peroxidation resulting in an increase in membrane leakage (ML) with a simultaneous decrease in membrane stability index (MSI) in leaves of both sorghum cultivars. Moreover, it was obvious that alkalinity significantly increased the activity of catalyse, ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and induced a non-significant reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in leaves of both sorghum cultivars comparing with the control plants. Among cultivars, tolerant one showed higher enzymes activity than sensitive one. Application of silicon markedly increased AAO and POD activities as well as a non-significant decrease in PPO activity in leaves of alkalinity stressed sorghum plants. Alkalinity stress caused a nonsignificant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the amount of total phenols and flavonoids as well as non-photosynthetic pigment content (anthocyanin, β-carotene and lycopene contents) in flag leaf of both cultivars. In addition, application of silicon induced an additional increase (p ≤ 0.05) in total phenols and flavonoids as well as anthocyanin and β-carotene contents except for lycopene content which induced a non-significant decrease. These results suggest that the exogenous application of silicon assisted the plants to become more tolerant to alkalinity stress induced oxidative damage by upregulating the membrane characteristics and enhancing their antioxidant defense system.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity reduced leaf area and succulence in sorghum.
- Organ / stage
- during grain-fillinge0
- Treatment
- alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf area and degree of succulencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkalinity stress induced significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in leaf area and degree of succulence (non-significant increase in case of sensitive cultivar) of both sorghum cultivars during grain-filling”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity increased leaf sclerophylly in the tolerant cultivar.
- Material
- tolerant cultivare0
- Treatment
- alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- degree of leaf sclerophyllye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkalinity stress induced a clear increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the degree of leaf sclerophylly of tolerant cultivar”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity increased membrane leakage in both cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity stress reduced bio-membranes stability through increasing its lipid peroxidation resulting in an increase in membrane leakage (ML) with a simultaneous decrease in membrane stability index (MSI) in leaves of both sorghum cultivars”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity decreased membrane stability index in both cultivars.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity stress reduced bio-membranes stability through increasing its lipid peroxidation resulting in an increase in membrane leakage (ML) with a simultaneous decrease in membrane stability index (MSI) in leaves of both sorghum cultivars”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity increased lipid peroxidation in sorghum leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity stress reduced bio-membranes stability through increasing its lipid peroxidation resulting in an increase in membrane leakage (ML) with a simultaneous decrease in membrane stability index (MSI) in leaves of both sorghum cultivars”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity increased catalyse, AAO and POD activity in sorghum leaves.
- Treatment
- alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- activity of catalyse, ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkalinity significantly increased the activity of catalyse, ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and induced a non-significant reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in leaves of both sorghum cultivars comparing with the control plants”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity nonsignificantly reduced PPO activity.
- Treatment
- alkalinitye0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkalinity significantly increased the activity of catalyse, ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and peroxidase (POD) activities and induced a non-significant reduction in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in leaves of both sorghum cultivars comparing with the control plants”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant cultivar had higher enzyme activity than the sensitive cultivar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tolerant one showed higher enzymes activity than sensitive one”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased AAO and POD activity in alkalinity-stressed sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of silicon markedly increased AAO and POD activities as well as a non-significant decrease in PPO activity in leaves of alkalinity stressed sorghum plants”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon nonsignificantly decreased PPO activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of silicon markedly increased AAO and POD activities as well as a non-significant decrease in PPO activity in leaves of alkalinity stressed sorghum plants”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity nonsignificantly increased phenols and flavonoids.
- Organ / stage
- flag leafe0
- Treatment
- Alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total phenols and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity stress caused a nonsignificant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the amount of total phenols and flavonoids as well as non-photosynthetic pigment content (anthocyanin, β-carotene and lycopene contents) in flag leaf of both cultivars”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity nonsignificantly increased nonphotosynthetic pigment content.
- Treatment
- Alkalinity stresse0
- Outcome
- non-photosynthetic pigment content (anthocyanin, β-carotene and lycopene contents)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkalinity stress caused a nonsignificant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the amount of total phenols and flavonoids as well as non-photosynthetic pigment content (anthocyanin, β-carotene and lycopene contents) in flag leaf of both cultivars”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon further increased phenols and flavonoids under alkalinity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of silicon induced an additional increase (p ≤ 0.05) in total phenols and flavonoids as well as anthocyanin and β-carotene contents except for lycopene content which induced a non-significant decrease”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon further increased anthocyanin and β-carotene contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of silicon induced an additional increase (p ≤ 0.05) in total phenols and flavonoids as well as anthocyanin and β-carotene contents except for lycopene content which induced a non-significant decrease”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon nonsignificantly decreased lycopene content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of silicon induced an additional increase (p ≤ 0.05) in total phenols and flavonoids as well as anthocyanin and β-carotene contents except for lycopene content which induced a non-significant decrease”
t0“in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Plants”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · quality: phytochemicals · SorghumResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
alkalinity · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
alkalinity · physiology: oxidative · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.