Abstract
In spring 2023, a sample of Montpellier cistus (Cistus monspeliensis) from a garden in Attica, Greece, exhibiting virus-like symptoms such as chlorotic lesions, yellowing and leaf mottling (Figure 1) was subjected to RNA-Seq. Total RNA was extracted from leaf tissues with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and ribosomal RNA was removed using the RiboMinus™ Plant Kit for RNA-Seq (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The resulting ribo-depleted RNA was sent to the Greek Genome Center (Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece) for library preparation and high throughput sequencing analysis in an Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. The obtained 25 M, 100 bp reads were de novo assembled using Geneious (v. 11.1.5) and the resulting contigs were annotated with BLASTn. The analysis revealed the presence of a single virus, Cistus incanus RNA virus 1 (CiRV1), an unclassified viral species belonging to the Amalgaviridae family that was initially identified in silico in a C. incanus transcriptome dataset (Goh et al., 2018). The nearly complete genome of the Greek isolate was 3318 nucleotides long (GenBank Accession No. PP658211) and shared 77% identity at the nucleotide level with the full-length genome of the AV-1 isolate (MG833407) from Italy. When comparing their putative RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase protein sequences, an amino acid identity of 81% was obtained To verify the RNA-Seq results an RT-PCR assay was developed and a 634 bp fragment of the viral genome was amplified using the CIRV1-F (5′-ATCAGGGACAGACAGATCAG-3′) / CIRV1-R (5′-CTGGTTCCTGGGAATAAGAG-3′) primer pair. The obtained PCR product was Sanger sequenced and the resulting sequence was identical to that derived from the RNA-Seq. To further study the properties of CiRV1, leaves from the original symptomatic cistus sample was used for sap inoculation of indicator species, namely Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NC, N. rustica and Chenopodium quinoa. Plants were monitored for symptom development; however, no symptoms were recorded up to 30 days post inoculation suggesting that either the virus is not mechanically transmitted, or it has a narrow host range. Virus absence in the inoculated plants was also confirmed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, five C. monspeliensis and five C. creticus asymptomatic plants, derived from a nursery and a private garden respectively, were analysed with the developed RT-PCR for the presence of the virus and all tested negative indicating a putative association of CiRV1 with the observed symptoms. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the virus in Greece and the first record of CiRV1 in living plants. Although the Greek and Italian isolates shared a relatively low nucleotide and amino acid identity, they possibly belong to the same species, since the current species demarcation criteria for the Amalgavirus genus were not met. Our efforts to transmit the virus mechanically were unsuccessful, a fact that is in accordance with the current data that amalgaviruses are only vertically transmitted via seeds or pollen. Although the majority of amalgaviruses are found in latent infections, CiRV1 was detected in the only symptomatic plant suggesting that its presence may contribute to the appearance of the symptoms observed. However, the finding of only one symptomatic plant indicates that further studies are needed to elucidate CiRV1 prevalence in the Cistaceae family as well as the virus effect on symptom development, plant physiology and metabolite content since Cistus species are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
CiRV1 was the only virus found in a symptomatic Cistus sample.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensis
Cistus monspeliensist0 - Interactor
- Cistus incanus RNA virus 1Cistus incanus RNA virus 1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of a single viruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The analysis revealed the presence of a single virus, Cistus incanus RNA virus 1 (CiRV1)”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The Greek viral genome was 3318 nucleotides long.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- genome of the Greek isolatee0
- Value
- 3318 nucleotidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nearly complete genome of the Greek isolate was 3318 nucleotides long”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The Greek isolate shared 77% nucleotide identity with an Italian isolate.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- identity at the nucleotide levele0
- Value
- 77%e0
- Comparator
- AV-1 isolatee0
- Setting
- Italye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shared 77% identity at the nucleotide level with the full-length genome of the AV-1 isolate (MG833407) from Italy.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates shared 81% amino acid identity for putative RNA polymerase.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- amino acid identitye0
- Value
- 81%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an amino acid identity of 81% was obtained”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR amplified a 634 bp viral fragment.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- fragment of the viral genomee0
- Value
- 634 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 634 bp fragment of the viral genome was amplified”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sanger sequence agreed with RNA-Seq.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- resulting sequencee0
- Comparator
- RNA-Seqe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resulting sequence was identical to that derived from the RNA-Seq.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation produced no symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana by 30 days.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 days post inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NC, N. rustica and Chenopodium quinoa. Plants were monitored for symptom development; however, no symptoms were recorded up to 30 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation produced no symptoms in N. tabacum by 30 days.
- Taxon
- N. tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Xanthi NCe0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 days post inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NC, N. rustica and Chenopodium quinoa. Plants were monitored for symptom development; however, no symptoms were recorded up to 30 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation produced no symptoms in N. rustica by 30 days.
- Taxon
- N. rustica
_(Solanaceae)_Plant.JPG?width=60)
Nicotiana rusticae0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 days post inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Solanaceae)_Plant.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“N. rustica and Chenopodium quinoa. Plants were monitored for symptom development; however, no symptoms were recorded up to 30 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap inoculation produced no symptoms in Chenopodium quinoa by 30 days.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
- Direction
- no symptomse0
- Qualifier
- up to 30 days post inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chenopodium quinoa. Plants were monitored for symptom development; however, no symptoms were recorded up to 30 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR confirmed virus absence in inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- Virus absencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus absence in the inoculated plants was also confirmed by RT-PCR.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Five asymptomatic C. monspeliensis tested negative.
- Taxon
- C. monspeliensisCistus monspeliensise0
- Outcome
- tested negativee0
- Value
- five C. monspeliensise0
- Setting
- nurserye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five C. monspeliensis and five C. creticus asymptomatic plants, derived from a nursery and a private garden respectively, were analysed with the developed RT-PCR for the presence of the virus and all tested negative”
Claim · model-written summary
Five asymptomatic C. creticus tested negative.
- Taxon
- C. creticus
.jpg?width=60)
Cistus creticuse0 - Outcome
- tested negativee0
- Value
- five C. creticuse0
- Setting
- private gardene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“five C. monspeliensis and five C. creticus asymptomatic plants, derived from a nursery and a private garden respectively, were analysed with the developed RT-PCR for the presence of the virus and all tested negative”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors reported the first CiRV1 record in Greece.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Interactor
- CiRV1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of the viruse0
- Setting
- Greecee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of the virus in Greece and the first record of CiRV1 in living plants.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors reported the first CiRV1 record in living plants.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Interactor
- CiRV1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- first record of CiRV1 in living plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first record of CiRV1 in living plants.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The Greek and Italian isolates may belong to the same virus species.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Outcome
- possibly belong to the same speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they possibly belong to the same species, since the current species demarcation criteria for the Amalgavirus genus were not met.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested CiRV1 may contribute to symptoms in the one symptomatic plant.
- Taxon
- Cistus monspeliensisCistus monspeliensist0
- Interactor
- CiRV1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms observede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CiRV1 was detected in the only symptomatic plant suggesting that its presence may contribute to the appearance of the symptoms observed.”
t0“Cistus monspeliensis”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →inoculation · disease · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →inoculation · disease · Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · disease · Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)Results agree
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.