Abstract
The response mechanisms of rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage remain unclear, and different seedling cultivation and transplanting methods may influence submergence tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the differential responses of rice to submergence stress under diverse combinations of seedling cultivation and transplanting methods, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating rice submergence tolerance. The japonica rice cultivar 'Nanjing 46' was used as the test material. Five combinations of seedling cultivation and transplanting methods (Y1-Y5, including direct seeding and hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedling combined with machine transplanting) were established, combined with four submergence durations (0 days/B0, 4 days/B1, 7 days/B2, and 10 days/B3), resulting in 20 treatments. Agronomic traits (plant height, tiller survival rate), physiological indices [peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (PRO) contents, soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value], and yield data were analyzed to evaluate submergence tolerance. Growth Inhibition: Submergence retarded rice growth, causing leaf yellowing, senescence, and overall plant weakness, with more pronounced effects as submergence duration increased. Significant differences in plant height were observed among seedling cultivation methods and submergence durations. Over two-thirds of tillers survived under complete submergence for up to 7 days during the tillering stage. Submergence significantly affected POD and SOD activities, MDA and PRO contents, and SPAD values, characterized by initial increases followed by decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA accumulation, and PRO content elevation. Submergence Tolerance Variation: Seedling cultivation methods significantly influenced yield and submergence tolerance. Among treatments, direct seeding showed the poorest submergence tolerance, while hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplanting performed best. This study demonstrated that rice can retain original plants and maintain a certain yield level under submergence for up to 7 days without special measures, and satisfactory yields can be achieved with appropriate remedial techniques and enhanced management. Seedling cultivation and transplanting methods affect submergence tolerance by regulating plant morphology and physiological adaptability, providing practical insights for optimizing stress-resistant rice cultivation patterns.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence retarded rice growth, more strongly with longer submergence.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupt0 - Treatment
- Submergencee1
- Outcome
- rice growthe1
- Direction
- retardede1
- Qualifier
- more pronounced effects as submergence duration increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e1“Submergence retarded rice growth, causing leaf yellowing, senescence, and overall plant weakness, with more pronounced effects as submergence duration increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height differed significantly among seedling cultivation methods and submergence durations.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- submergence durationse2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e2“Significant differences in plant height were observed among seedling cultivation methods and submergence durations”
Claim · model-written summary
Over two-thirds of tillers survived under complete submergence for up to 7 days during the tillering stage.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee3
- Treatment
- complete submergencee3
- Outcome
- tillerse3
- Direction
- survivede3
- Value
- Over two-thirdse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e3“Over two-thirds of tillers survived under complete submergence for up to 7 days during the tillering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence increased and then decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and SOD) in rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Submergencee4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese4
- Direction
- initial increases followed by decreasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e4“Submergence significantly affected POD and SOD activities, MDA and PRO contents, and SPAD values, characterized by initial increases followed by decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA accumulation, and PRO content elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence increased MDA accumulation in rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Submergencee4
- Outcome
- MDA accumulatione4
- Direction
- accumulatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e4“Submergence significantly affected POD and SOD activities, MDA and PRO contents, and SPAD values, characterized by initial increases followed by decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA accumulation, and PRO content elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence elevated PRO content in rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Submergencee4
- Outcome
- PRO contente4
- Direction
- elevatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e4“Submergence significantly affected POD and SOD activities, MDA and PRO contents, and SPAD values, characterized by initial increases followed by decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA accumulation, and PRO content elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
Submergence significantly affected SPAD values in rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Submergencee4
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e4“Submergence significantly affected POD and SOD activities, MDA and PRO contents, and SPAD values, characterized by initial increases followed by decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA accumulation, and PRO content elevation”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling cultivation methods significantly influenced yield and submergence tolerance in rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Seedling cultivation methodse5
- Outcome
- yield and submergence tolerancee5
- Direction
- influencede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e5“Seedling cultivation methods significantly influenced yield and submergence tolerance. Among treatments, direct seeding showed the poorest submergence tolerance, while hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplanting performed best”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeding gave the poorest submergence tolerance among the treatments.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- direct seedinge5
- Outcome
- submergence tolerancee5
- Direction
- pooreste5
- Comparator
- Among treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e5“Seedling cultivation methods significantly influenced yield and submergence tolerance. Among treatments, direct seeding showed the poorest submergence tolerance, while hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplanting performed best”
Claim · model-written summary
Hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplanting performed best for submergence tolerance.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplantinge5
- Outcome
- submergence tolerancee5
- Direction
- performed beste5
- Comparator
- Among treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e5“Seedling cultivation methods significantly influenced yield and submergence tolerance. Among treatments, direct seeding showed the poorest submergence tolerance, while hard-ground dry nursery substrate micro-sprinkler tray seedlings combined with machine transplanting performed best”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice retained original plants and maintained a certain yield level under submergence for up to 7 days without special measures.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- submergence for up to 7 dayse6
- Outcome
- yield levele6
- Direction
- maintaine6
- Qualifier
- without special measurese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e6“This study demonstrated that rice can retain original plants and maintain a certain yield level under submergence for up to 7 days without special measures, and satisfactory yields can be achieved with appropriate remedial techniques and enhanced management”
Claim · model-written summary
Satisfactory yields can be achieved under submergence with appropriate remedial techniques and enhanced management.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Outcome
- satisfactory yieldse6
- Qualifier
- appropriate remedial techniques and enhanced managemente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e6“This study demonstrated that rice can retain original plants and maintain a certain yield level under submergence for up to 7 days without special measures, and satisfactory yields can be achieved with appropriate remedial techniques and enhanced management”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling cultivation and transplanting methods are proposed to affect submergence tolerance by regulating plant morphology and physiological adaptability.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Outcome
- submergence tolerancee7
- Qualifier
- regulating plant morphology and physiological adaptabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Differential adaptations of japonica rice to submergence stress during the tillering stage under various seedling cultivation and transplanting methods”
e7“Seedling cultivation and transplanting methods affect submergence tolerance by regulating plant morphology and physiological adaptability”
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