Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for normal plant growth and development. In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and ultimately, yield loss. Most studies have focused on investigating the mechanisms of Fe deficiency responses in rice roots; however, the effects of shoot Fe redistribution on Fe deficiency response remain poorly understood. Phloem transport plays a vital role in distributing Fe to new tissues. To investigate the effects of enhanced phloem-mediated Fe transport on rice adaptability to iron deficiency, we subjected transgenic lines with higher phloem Fe efflux rates and wild-type (WT) plants to Fe-deficient conditions. The growth, leaf photosynthetic rate, and Fe content of transgenic and WT seedlings under different Fe concentrations were compared. The results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited elevated shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rates under Fe-deficient conditions. Under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions, the transgenic lines had significantly higher Fe content, Fe accumulation, and phloem Fe efflux rates than the WT. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that enhanced Fe transport via phloem resulted in improved Fe availability through the sequestration of Fe ions and vacuolar transport pathways in the shoots. It also upregulated the EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1) expression and modulated the sucrose synthase activity, thereby promoting chlorophyll synthesis and leaf photosynthesis. Additionally, enhanced Fe transport influenced the gibberellin (GA) catabolism and plant hormone signal transduction in the roots, reducing the GA content and modulating the cytokinin (CTK), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) signaling to induce Fe deficiency response and promote Fe uptake. These findings demonstrate that phloem-mediated Fe transport participated in Fe deficiency response, and enhancing this improved the adaptability of rice seedlings to low Fe conditions. In specific, rice seedlings with a high capacity for phloem-mediated Fe transport exhibited a strong iron uptake, translocation, and remobilization capacity, thereby maintaining normal growth and development and successfully adapting to the low-Fe environment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic rice lines with higher phloem Fe efflux showed elevated shoot length, root length and shoot dry weight under Fe-deficient conditions compared with wild type.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- transgenic linese1
- Treatment
- Fe-deficient conditionse2
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length, shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e1“we subjected transgenic lines with higher phloem Fe efflux rates and wild-type (WT) plants to Fe-deficient conditions”
e2“The results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited elevated shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rates under Fe-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic rice lines with higher phloem Fe efflux showed elevated leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rates under Fe-deficient conditions compared with wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- transgenic linese1
- Treatment
- Fe-deficient conditionse2
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic ratese2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Comparator
- wild-type (WT) plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e1“we subjected transgenic lines with higher phloem Fe efflux rates and wild-type (WT) plants to Fe-deficient conditions”
e2“The results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited elevated shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rates under Fe-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic rice lines had significantly higher Fe content, Fe accumulation and phloem Fe efflux rates than wild type under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- transgenic linese3
- Treatment
- Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditionse3
- Outcome
- Fe content, Fe accumulation, and phloem Fe efflux ratese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- WTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e3“Under both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions, the transgenic lines had significantly higher Fe content, Fe accumulation, and phloem Fe efflux rates than the WT”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced phloem Fe transport improves shoot Fe availability through Fe ion sequestration and vacuolar transport pathways in the shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse4
- Outcome
- improved Fe availabilitye4
- Qualifier
- sequestration of Fe ions and vacuolar transport pathways in the shootse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e4“enhanced Fe transport via phloem resulted in improved Fe availability through the sequestration of Fe ions and vacuolar transport pathways in the shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced phloem Fe transport upregulated EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1) expression in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- enhanced Fe transport via phloeme4
- Gene
- EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1)e5
- Outcome
- EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1) expressione5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e4“enhanced Fe transport via phloem resulted in improved Fe availability through the sequestration of Fe ions and vacuolar transport pathways in the shoots”
e5“It also upregulated the EARLY LESION LEAF 1 (ELL1) expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Modulated sucrose synthase activity promotes chlorophyll synthesis and leaf photosynthesis in rice under enhanced phloem Fe transport.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- sucrose synthasee6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesis and leaf photosynthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e6“modulated the sucrose synthase activity, thereby promoting chlorophyll synthesis and leaf photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced Fe transport reduced the gibberellin (GA) content in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Compound
- gibberellin (GA)e7
- Outcome
- GA contente7
- Direction
- reducinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e7“influenced the gibberellin (GA) catabolism and plant hormone signal transduction in the roots, reducing the GA content”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced Fe transport modulates cytokinin, jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- cytokinin (CTK), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH)e6
- Outcome
- signalinge6
- Direction
- modulatinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e6“modulating the cytokinin (CTK), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) signaling to induce Fe deficiency response and promote Fe uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem-mediated Fe transport participates in the Fe deficiency response of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiency responsee7
- Qualifier
- phloem-mediated Fe transporte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e7“phloem-mediated Fe transport participated in Fe deficiency response”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhancing phloem-mediated Fe transport improved the adaptability of rice seedlings to low Fe conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- enhancing thise6
- Outcome
- adaptability of rice seedlings to low Fe conditionse6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, Fe deficiency leads to stunted growth”
e6“enhancing this improved the adaptability of rice seedlings to low Fe conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings with a high capacity for phloem-mediated Fe transport showed strong iron uptake, translocation and remobilization capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Outcome
- iron uptake, translocation, and remobilization capacitye7
- Qualifier
- high capacity for phloem-mediated Fe transporte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“rice seedlings with a high capacity for phloem-mediated Fe transport exhibited a strong iron uptake, translocation, and remobilization capacity”