Abstract
The asynchrony between soil nitrogen (N) and biological N 2 fixation results in N limitation in soybean crops. The crop duration can potentially alter the asynchrony and N limitation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean crop duration on N limitation. Seventeen field experiments were conducted in subtropical environments in Brazil with different crop durations: short (102-114 d), medium (115-126 d), and long (>126 d). A full-N fertilizer treatment that synchronized crop N demand and supply throughout crop development was compared with zero-N treatment. Seed yield, protein and oil concentrations, and seed weight and number were determined. The short duration crop was the only one with seed yield response to N supply (0.74 Mg ha -1 ; 15.5%). When the long duration crop was fertilized with N, seed protein concentration increased without a trade-off in oil concentration. The N response on seed yield increased by ca. 48 kg ha -1 per day, when crop duration was shorter than 123 d. While the protein yield response increased linearly from long to short crop duration, the oil yield response followed a bi-linear trend. We conclude that N limitation on seed yield in subtropical environments increased as the soybean crop duration decreased below 123 d, while the N limitation on seed protein concentration occurred across all crop durations. The intensification of the subtropical soybean-based cropping systems will require increasing soil N to avoid seed protein and yield reductions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Only short duration soybean crops increased seed yield with nitrogen supply, by 0.74 Mg ha -1 or 15.5%.
- Taxon
- Soybean crops
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- N supplye0
- Outcome
- seed yield responsee0
- Direction
- responsee0
- Value
- 0.74 Mg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The short duration crop was the only one with seed yield response to N supply (0.74 Mg ha -1 ; 15.5%)”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased seed protein concentration in long duration soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fertilized with Ne0
- Outcome
- seed protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- long duration crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the long duration crop was fertilized with N, seed protein concentration increased without a trade-off in oil concentration”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not reduce oil concentration in long duration soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fertilized with Ne0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- without a trade-offe0
- Qualifier
- long duration crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the long duration crop was fertilized with N, seed protein concentration increased without a trade-off in oil concentration”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Below 123 d crop duration, yield response to N increased about 48 kg ha -1 for each day shorter.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- N response on seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ca. 48 kg ha -1 per daye0
- Qualifier
- crop duration was shorter than 123 de0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N response on seed yield increased by ca. 48 kg ha -1 per day, when crop duration was shorter than 123 d”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein yield response increased linearly from long to short crop duration.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein yield responsee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- from long to short crop duratione0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein yield response increased linearly from long to short crop duration”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil yield response followed a bilinear trend across crop durations.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- oil yield responsee0
- Qualifier
- bi-linear trende0
Not reportedTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the oil yield response followed a bi-linear trend”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield nitrogen limitation increased as crop duration decreased below 123 d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- N limitation on seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- crop duration decreased below 123 de0
- Setting
- subtropical environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N limitation on seed yield in subtropical environments increased as the soybean crop duration decreased below 123 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein concentration was nitrogen limited across all crop durations.
- Taxon
- Soybean cropsGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- N limitation on seed protein concentratione0
- Qualifier
- across all crop durationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N limitation on seed protein concentration occurred across all crop durations”
t0“Soybean crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend increasing soil nitrogen in intensified subtropical soybean systems to avoid seed protein and yield reductions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- increasing soil N to avoid seed protein and yield reductionse0
- Setting
- subtropicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The intensification of the subtropical soybean-based cropping systems will require increasing soil N to avoid seed protein and yield reductions”
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