Abstract
The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is a cosmopolitan pest of brassica crops. The interactions among insect infestation, seed production, and seed physiology remain poorly understood. In this two-year field study, we evaluated silicon (Si) and ammonium sulfate (AS) as nutrient-based deterrents (applied at 25 and 50 kg ha− 1) compared to a conventional insecticide (Carbosulfan) for their effects on aphid resistance, seed yield, and seed nutrient physiology. Relative to the insecticide, Si at 25 kg ha− 1 reduced aphid populations by 16.2% and 13.5%, while Si at 50 kg ha− 1 reduced them by 24.3% and 21.9% in the first and second year, respectively. Similarly, AS at 25 kg suppressed aphids by up to 22.5% and 12.1% across the two years, whereas AS at 50 kg unexpectedly increased aphid numbers. Seed yield improved significantly with Si at 50 kg (28.7% and 30.9%), AS at 25 kg (14.6% and 15.9%), and AS at 50 kg ha− 1 (37.0% and 38.6%) in the first and second years, respectively. Nutrient analysis revealed that AS at 50 kg enhanced seed nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and sulfur content, whereas Si at 50 kg increased potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, and Si concentrations. These findings highlight the potential of Si and AS amendments in plant breeding programs to enhance pest resistance. Moreover, this study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing fertilizer use for integrated pest management, reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which these nutrients modulate plant defense against aphids.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 25 kg ha−1 reduced cabbage aphid populations by 16.2% and 13.5% relative to the insecticide.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- Si at 25 kg ha− 1e1
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicae
.jpg?width=60)
Brevicoryne brassicaet0pest - Outcome
- aphid populationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 16.2% and 13.5%e1
- Comparator
- the insecticidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e1“Relative to the insecticide, Si at 25 kg ha− 1 reduced aphid populations by 16.2% and 13.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 50 kg ha−1 reduced cabbage aphid populations by 24.3% and 21.9% relative to the insecticide.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Si at 50 kg ha− 1e2
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicaeBrevicoryne brassicaet0pest
- Outcome
- aphid populationse1
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 24.3% and 21.9%e2
- Comparator
- the insecticidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e1“Relative to the insecticide, Si at 25 kg ha− 1 reduced aphid populations by 16.2% and 13.5%”
e2“while Si at 50 kg ha− 1 reduced them by 24.3% and 21.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate at 25 kg suppressed aphids by up to 22.5% and 12.1%.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 25 kge4
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicaeBrevicoryne brassicaet0pest
- Outcome
- aphidse4
- Direction
- suppressede4
- Value
- 22.5% and 12.1%e4
- Comparator
- the insecticidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e1“Relative to the insecticide, Si at 25 kg ha− 1 reduced aphid populations by 16.2% and 13.5%”
e4“AS at 25 kg suppressed aphids by up to 22.5% and 12.1% across the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate at 50 kg unexpectedly increased aphid numbers.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 50 kge3
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicaeBrevicoryne brassicaet0pest
- Outcome
- aphid numberse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- unexpectedlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e3“whereas AS at 50 kg unexpectedly increased aphid numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield improved with silicon at 50 kg by 28.7% and 30.9%.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Si at 50 kge5
- Outcome
- Seed yielde5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 28.7% and 30.9%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e5“Seed yield improved significantly with Si at 50 kg (28.7% and 30.9%), AS at 25 kg (14.6% and 15.9%), and AS at 50 kg ha− 1 (37.0% and 38.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield improved with ammonium sulfate at 25 kg by 14.6% and 15.9%.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 25 kge5
- Outcome
- Seed yielde5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 14.6% and 15.9%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e5“Seed yield improved significantly with Si at 50 kg (28.7% and 30.9%), AS at 25 kg (14.6% and 15.9%), and AS at 50 kg ha− 1 (37.0% and 38.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield improved with ammonium sulfate at 50 kg by 37.0% and 38.6%.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 50 kg ha− 1e5
- Outcome
- Seed yielde5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 37.0% and 38.6%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e5“Seed yield improved significantly with Si at 50 kg (28.7% and 30.9%), AS at 25 kg (14.6% and 15.9%), and AS at 50 kg ha− 1 (37.0% and 38.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate at 50 kg enhanced seed nitrogen, phosphorus and copper.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 50 kge6
- Outcome
- seed nitrogen, phosphorus, coppere6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e6“AS at 50 kg enhanced seed nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and sulfur content”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate at 50 kg enhanced seed sulfur content.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- AS at 50 kge6
- Outcome
- sulfur contente6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e6“AS at 50 kg enhanced seed nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and sulfur content”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 50 kg increased seed potassium, magnesium and iron.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Si at 50 kge7
- Outcome
- potassium, magnesium, irone7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e7“whereas Si at 50 kg increased potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, and Si concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 50 kg increased seed calcium, zinc and silicon concentrations.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Si at 50 kge7
- Outcome
- calcium, zinc, and Si concentrationse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e7“whereas Si at 50 kg increased potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, and Si concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and ammonium sulfate amendments have potential in plant breeding programs to enhance pest resistance in Brassica napus.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Si and AS amendmentse1
- Outcome
- pest resistancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e1“These findings highlight the potential of Si and AS amendments in plant breeding programs to enhance pest resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing fertilizer use is feasible for integrated pest management of Brassica napus.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- optimizing fertilizer use for integrated pest managemente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pest resistance in Brassica napus against Brevicoryne brassicae”
e4“demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing fertilizer use for integrated pest management”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.