Abstract
Drought stress is a common environmental stress factor for soybeans ( Glycine max L.), significantly impeding the growth and yield. Therefore, studying the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics during two crucial growth and development periods, namely the flowering and grain-filling stages, under drought stress and rewatering conditions is of great significance for clarifying the physiological and photosynthetic regulatory response mechanisms of soybeans to drought stress. In this study, the cultivar ‘Liaodou 15’ was subjected to mild drought (L, 65% field capacity) and severe drought (H, 50% field capacity) treatments during the flowering and grain-filling stages for 7, 14, and 21 days respectively. At the conclusion of the stress period, rewatering (R) was carried out. Results showed that the stomatal limit value increased and intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased with the increase in drought stress intensity, and the decrease in net photosynthetic rate was dominated by stomatal factors at the flowering stage. At the grain-filling stage, the stomatal limit value decreased and intercellular CO 2 concentration increased with the increase in drought stress intensity, and the decrease in net photosynthetic rate changed from stomatal factors to non-stomatal factors. Drought stress led to peroxidation damage. In this study, it significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On the other hand, rewatering had a compensatory effect on various physiological indices of soybean leaves. Under drought stress, the yield indices of soybeans were affected during both the flowering and grain-filling stages. Specifically, the yield during the flowering stage decreased by 15.63%–55.47%, and the yield during the grain-filling stage decreased by 24.17%–59.63%. This indicates that drought has a greater impact on the yield of soybeans during the grain-filling stage. Moreover, as the duration and intensity of drought increase, the reduction in yield becomes more significant, and the yield is the lowest when there is severe drought stress for 21 days. Our study elucidates the complex physiological and photosynthetic responses of soybeans to drought stress and rewatering, which provides valuable insights for improving soybean cultivation strategies under drought environments.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal limit value increased with drought intensity at flowering.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stress intensitye0
- Outcome
- stomatal limit valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the stomatal limit value increased and intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased with the increase in drought stress intensity, and the decrease in net photosynthetic rate was dominated by stomatal factors at the flowering stage.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration decreased with drought intensity at flowering.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stress intensitye0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stomatal limit value increased and intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased with the increase in drought stress intensity”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At flowering, drought-related photosynthetic decline was dominated by stomatal factors.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- stomatal factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in net photosynthetic rate was dominated by stomatal factors at the flowering stage.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal limit value decreased as drought intensity increased at grain filling.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- grain-filling stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stress intensitye0
- Outcome
- stomatal limit valuee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the grain-filling stage, the stomatal limit value decreased and intercellular CO 2 concentration increased with the increase in drought stress intensity”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration increased with drought intensity at grain filling.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- grain-filling stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stress intensitye0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the grain-filling stage, the stomatal limit value decreased and intercellular CO 2 concentration increased with the increase in drought stress intensity”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
At grain filling, the cause of declining photosynthesis shifted from stomatal to non-stomatal factors.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- changed from stomatal factors to non-stomatal factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in net photosynthetic rate changed from stomatal factors to non-stomatal factors.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused soybean peroxidation damage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidation damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress led to peroxidation damage.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased soybean soluble protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress led to peroxidation damage. In this study, it significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased soybean malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress led to peroxidation damage. In this study, it significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased soybean peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress led to peroxidation damage. In this study, it significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly increased soybean superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress led to peroxidation damage. In this study, it significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Rewatering compensated for multiple physiological indices in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rewateringe0
- Outcome
- various physiological indices of soybean leavese0
- Direction
- compensatory effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rewatering had a compensatory effect on various physiological indices of soybean leaves.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at flowering decreased soybean yield by 15.63%–55.47%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.63%–55.47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought stress, the yield indices of soybeans were affected during both the flowering and grain-filling stages. Specifically, the yield during the flowering stage decreased by 15.63%–55.47%”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at grain filling decreased soybean yield by 24.17%–59.63%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- grain-filling stagee0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24.17%–59.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought stress, the yield indices of soybeans were affected during both the flowering and grain-filling stages. Specifically, the yield during the flowering stage decreased by 15.63%–55.47%, and the yield during the grain-filling stage decreased by 24.17%–59.63%”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield loss grew with drought duration and intensity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- duration and intensity of droughte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the duration and intensity of drought increase, the reduction in yield becomes more significant”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was lowest after 21 days of severe drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- severe drought stress for 21 dayse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield is the lowest when there is severe drought stress for 21 days.”
t0“Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.