Abstract
ABSTRACT Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan but faces significant threats from biotic stressors such as powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis ). These fungal diseases can drastically reduce wheat yields, leading to substantial economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Cell Free Supernatants (CFSs) from Serratia marcescens and Fictibacillus spp. (both originally derived from phyllosphere of Gossypium arboreum ) against these fungal pathogens and assess their impact on wheat growth and yield. Wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum , Galaxy‐2013) were treated with CFSs from both strains, alongside control groups treated with Salicylic Acid (SA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), and water (negative control). Disease severity was assessed using leaf area and spore count assays. Plant growth parameters, including height, fresh and dry weight, grain count, and spike number, were measured. Metabolomic analysis of the CFSs was conducted using 1 H NMR. CFS treatments significantly reduced disease severity, with the lowest average percentage disease (APD) observed in the Serratia marcescens group for stripe rust (1.86%) and in the GA3 group for powdery mildew (1.30%). Fictibacillus spp. CFS also reduced the severity of both pathogens. CFS from Serratia marcescens resulted in the highest grain count and biomass. NMR analysis revealed the presence of antifungal and growth‐promoting compounds in the CFSs. CFSs from Serratia marcescens and Fictibacillus spp. show promise as effective bio‐stimulants and biocontrol agents against fungal diseases in wheat, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical treatments. Their application could improve wheat yield and contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
CFS treatments significantly reduced wheat disease severity from powdery mildew and stripe rust compared with control groups.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- CFS treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis
Blumeria graminise3pathogen - Second interactor
- Puccinia striiformis
Puccinia striiformise3pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- Salicylic Acid (SA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), and water (negative control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e1“CFS treatments significantly reduced disease severity”
e2“control groups treated with Salicylic Acid (SA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), and water (negative control)”
e3“powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis )”
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia marcescens group had the lowest average percentage disease for stripe rust (1.86%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Serratia marcescens groupe6
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformisPuccinia striiformise3pathogen
- Outcome
- average percentage disease (APD)e6
- Direction
- loweste6
- Value
- 1.86%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e6“lowest average percentage disease (APD) observed in the Serratia marcescens group for stripe rust (1.86%) and in the GA3 group for powdery mildew (1.30%)”
e3“powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis )”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 group had the lowest average percentage disease for powdery mildew (1.30%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- GA3 groupe6
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminisBlumeria graminise3pathogen
- Outcome
- average percentage disease (APD)e6
- Direction
- loweste6
- Value
- 1.30%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e6“lowest average percentage disease (APD) observed in the Serratia marcescens group for stripe rust (1.86%) and in the GA3 group for powdery mildew (1.30%)”
e3“powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fictibacillus spp. CFS reduced the severity of both powdery mildew and stripe rust in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Fictibacillus spp. CFSe7
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminisBlumeria graminise3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Puccinia striiformisPuccinia striiformise3pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e7“Fictibacillus spp. CFS also reduced the severity of both pathogens”
e3“powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ) and stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis )”
Claim · model-written summary
CFS from Serratia marcescens gave the highest wheat grain count and biomass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CFS from Serratia marcescense4
- Outcome
- grain count and biomasse4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e4“CFS from Serratia marcescens resulted in the highest grain count and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
NMR analysis showed that the cell-free supernatants contain antifungal and growth-promoting compounds.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- presence of antifungal and growth‐promoting compoundse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat is a major staple crop in Pakistan”
e5“NMR analysis revealed the presence of antifungal and growth‐promoting compounds in the CFSs”
The same questions in other papers
Serratia marcescens · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.