Abstract
Carbon metabolism in plants involves biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon partitioning. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological and biochemical dynamics during the early development of pea seedlings (Pisum sativum) across five time points (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days) and five cultivars (Dacheong, Daehyeop 1ho, Sanghyeop, Sacheol, and Cheongmi) using semi-targeted metabolic profiling. Furthermore, we investigated the interplay between photosynthetic activity and secondary metabolite accumulation by profiling the metabolic responses of Dacheong seedlings exposed to varying photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs). A total of 83 metabolites were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed similar biochemical dynamics among the five cultivars during the early seedling stage. Metabolic shifts occurred in three distinct phases: (1) an early nitrogen-rich storage metabolism phase characterized by the accumulation of asparagine and raffinose, (2) an intermediate phase marked by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids, and (3) a late phase characterized by increased monosaccharides and chlorophylls. These findings suggest that seedling growth relies on the mobilization and conversion of carbohydrates stored in seeds prior to the development of photosynthetic organs. Notably, significant correlations were observed between the photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites. Among the cultivars, Dacheong (12 days) exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (33.40 ± 1.29 mg/g). The metabolic changes in Dacheong seedlings under varying PPFD conditions indicated that higher light intensity enhanced sucrose synthesis and chloroplast component composition. Additionally, carotenoid and flavonoid levels peaking at PPFD 400 µmol/m2·s suggested that this light intensity is the optimal condition for maximizing secondary metabolite accumulation through enhanced photosynthetic activity. This study is the first to profile the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth in pea seedlings and reveal significant correlations between photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites during the seedling period. These findings provide insights into metabolic reprogramming in pea seedlings and inform strategies for enhancing their growth and nutritional quality. Future studies should include hormone analyses to further understand the metabolic transition processes in seedlings.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Semi-targeted profiling identified 83 metabolites.
- Taxon
- pea seedlings
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Outcome
- metabolitese0
- Value
- 83 metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 83 metabolites were identified.”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Five cultivars showed similar biochemical dynamics early in seedling development.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- five cultivarse0
- Organ / stage
- early seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- similar biochemical dynamicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multivariate analysis revealed similar biochemical dynamics among the five cultivars during the early seedling stage.”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The early metabolic phase accumulated asparagine and raffinose.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- early nitrogen-rich storage metabolism phasee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of asparagine and raffinosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an early nitrogen-rich storage metabolism phase characterized by the accumulation of asparagine and raffinose”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The intermediate phase accumulated branched-chain amino acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- intermediate phasee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, flavonoids, and carotenoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an intermediate phase marked by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The late phase had increased monosaccharides and chlorophylls.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- late phasee0
- Outcome
- monosaccharides and chlorophyllse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a late phase characterized by increased monosaccharides and chlorophylls”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth appears to rely on mobilizing and converting seed carbohydrates before photosynthetic organs develop.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Qualifier
- mobilization and conversion of carbohydrates stored in seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth relies on the mobilization and conversion of carbohydrates stored in seeds prior to the development of photosynthetic organs”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Compound
- secondary metabolitese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlations were observed between the photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Dacheong at 12 days had the highest total flavonoid content of 33.40 ± 1.29 mg/g.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Dacheonge0
- Organ / stage
- 12 dayse0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 33.40 ± 1.29 mg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dacheong (12 days) exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (33.40 ± 1.29 mg/g)”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher light intensity enhanced sucrose synthesis in Dacheong seedlings.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Dacheonge1
- Treatment
- higher light intensitye0
- Outcome
- sucrose synthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher light intensity enhanced sucrose synthesis and chloroplast component composition”
t0“pea seedlings”
e1“metabolic responses of Dacheong seedlings exposed to varying photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher light intensity enhanced chloroplast component composition in Dacheong seedlings.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Dacheonge1
- Treatment
- higher light intensitye0
- Outcome
- chloroplast component compositione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher light intensity enhanced sucrose synthesis and chloroplast component composition”
t0“pea seedlings”
e1“metabolic responses of Dacheong seedlings exposed to varying photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid and flavonoid levels peaked at PPFD 400 µmol/m2·s.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- PPFD 400 µmol/m2·se0
- Outcome
- carotenoid and flavonoid levelse0
- Direction
- peakinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid and flavonoid levels peaking at PPFD 400 µmol/m2·s”
t0“pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify PPFD 400 µmol/m2·s as optimal for secondary metabolite accumulation.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- optimal condition for maximizing secondary metabolite accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- enhanced photosynthetic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this light intensity is the optimal condition for maximizing secondary metabolite accumulation through enhanced photosynthetic activity”
t0“pea seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
- negative
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →light · quality: general · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.