Abstract
With the increasing demand for resource conservation and environmental protection in agricultural production, increasing density and reducing nitrogen application have emerged as an important direction in rice cultivation. Optimizing cultivation practices can ensure stable yield increases and improvement of rice quality while reducing nitrogen fertilizer input. This study aimed to investigate the effects of density-increasing and nitrogen-saving (DINS) practices on lodging resistance, yield, and quality of rice, providing a scientific basis for high-yield and efficient rice cultivation. The field experiment was conducted at the Liaoning Rice Research Institute's experimental base from 2020 to 2021, using the upright-panicle rice variety Liaojing 212. Two transplanting densities (D1: 30 cm × 16.6 cm and D2: 25 cm × 12 cm) and two nitrogen application levels (F1: conventional nitrogen application rate of 225 kg N/ha and F2: 190 kg N/ha) were set. By measuring plant type, panicle structure, stem composition and mechanical properties, yield components, and rice quality, the impacts of DINS on lodging resistance, quality, and yield were analyzed. Results showed that compared to conventional planting, DINS reduced rice yield by 1.63-3.66%, but the difference was not significant. DINS compensated for the yield reduction caused by a 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer through a 7.78-8.09% increase in total effective panicles. However, DINS significantly reduced lodging indices of the N1, N2, and N3 stem internodes by 18.63-33.23%, 26.79-36.77%, and 27.06-31.93%, respectively, significantly enhancing lodging resistance. This was mainly achieved by reducing plant height and center of gravity, and increasing lignin and cellulose content in the stems. Rice eating quality was significantly improved by 9.78-10.34%, mainly through reductions in amylose and protein content in the grains. DINS can ensure stable rice yield while significantly improving lodging resistance and eating quality, with notable economic and environmental benefits, providing a new approach for high-yield, high-efficiency, and high-quality rice cultivation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced rice yield by 1.63-3.66%, without statistical significance.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- DINSe0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.63-3.66%e0
- Comparator
- conventional plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to conventional planting, DINS reduced rice yield by 1.63-3.66%, but the difference was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS increased effective panicles by 7.78-8.09%, compensating for the nitrogen reduction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- DINSe0
- Outcome
- total effective paniclese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7.78-8.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DINS compensated for the yield reduction caused by a 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer through a 7.78-8.09% increase in total effective panicles”
e1“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced N1 lodging index by 18.63-33.23%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- DINSe0
- Outcome
- lodging indices of the N1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.63-33.23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DINS significantly reduced lodging indices of the N1, N2, and N3 stem internodes by 18.63-33.23%, 26.79-36.77%, and 27.06-31.93%, respectively”
e1“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced N2 lodging index by 26.79-36.77%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DINS significantly reduced lodging indices of the N1, N2, and N3 stem internodes by 18.63-33.23%, 26.79-36.77%, and 27.06-31.93%, respectively”
e1“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced N3 lodging index by 27.06-31.93%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DINS significantly reduced lodging indices of the N1, N2, and N3 stem internodes by 18.63-33.23%, 26.79-36.77%, and 27.06-31.93%, respectively”
e1“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced plant height and center of gravity, contributing to lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- DINSe1
- Outcome
- reducing plant height and center of gravitye0
- Qualifier
- mainly achievede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was mainly achieved by reducing plant height and center of gravity, and increasing lignin and cellulose content in the stems”
e1“DINS significantly reduced lodging indices”
e2“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS increased stem lignin and cellulose content, contributing to lodging resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- DINSe1
- Outcome
- increasing lignin and cellulose content in the stemse0
- Qualifier
- mainly achievede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was mainly achieved by reducing plant height and center of gravity, and increasing lignin and cellulose content in the stems”
e1“DINS significantly reduced lodging indices”
e2“quality of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS improved rice eating quality by 9.78-10.34%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- DINSe1
- Outcome
- Rice eating qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 9.78-10.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice eating quality was significantly improved by 9.78-10.34%”
e1“DINS can ensure stable rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
DINS reduced grain amylose and protein content, linked to better eating quality.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- DINSe2
- Outcome
- reductions in amylose and protein content in the grainse0
- Qualifier
- mainly throughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mainly through reductions in amylose and protein content in the grains”
e1“Rice eating quality was significantly improved”
e2“DINS can ensure stable rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors present DINS as a way to maintain yield while improving lodging resistance and eating quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- DINS can ensure stable rice yield while significantly improving lodging resistance and eating qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DINS can ensure stable rice yield while significantly improving lodging resistance and eating quality, with notable economic and environmental benefits”
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