Abstract
Investigating the factors influencing rice grain yield (GY) is critical for optimizing nitrogen (N) management and enhancing resource use efficiency in rice cultivation. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the factors affecting rice GY, considering an entire influence chain encompassing rice N uptake, growth indicators, and GY components. In this study, field experiment with six different N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 225, and 300 kg N ha−1, i.e., N0, N60, N120, N180, N225, and N300) was conducted in the Jianghan Plain in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China, to comprehensively elucidate the factors influencing rice GY from aspects of rice N uptake, growth indicators, and GY components and determine the optimal N fertilizer rate. The results showed that rice GY and N uptake initially increased and then either stabilized or declined with higher N fertilizer rate, while apparent N loss escalated with increased N fertilizer rate. The application of N fertilizer significantly promoted the increase in straw N uptake, which was significantly positively correlated with growth indicators (p < 0.05). Among all GY components, panicle number per hill was the most significant positive factor influencing rice GY, and it was significantly positively correlated with all rice growth indicators (p < 0.05). In addition, N180 was the optimal N fertilizer rate, ensuring more than 95% of maximum GY and reducing N loss by 74% and 39% compared to N300, respectively. Meanwhile, the average N balance for N180 remained below 60 kg N ha−1. In conclusion, optimizing the N fertilizer application in paddy fields can effectively maintain stable rice GY and minimize environmental pollution.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield first rose and then stabilized or declined as nitrogen fertilizer rate increased.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- higher N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- rice GYe0
- Direction
- initially increased and then either stabilized or declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice GY and N uptake initially increased and then either stabilized or declined with higher N fertilizer rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice nitrogen uptake first rose and then stabilized or declined as fertilizer rate increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- higher N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- initially increased and then either stabilized or declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice GY and N uptake initially increased and then either stabilized or declined with higher N fertilizer rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent nitrogen loss rose with nitrogen fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increased N fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- apparent N losse0
- Direction
- escalatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apparent N loss escalated with increased N fertilizer rate”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased straw nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- straw N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of N fertilizer significantly promoted the increase in straw N uptake”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw nitrogen uptake was positively correlated with growth indicators.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- straw N uptakee0
- Outcome
- growth indicatorse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- p < 0.05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw N uptake, which was significantly positively correlated with growth indicators (p < 0.05)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle number per hill was the strongest positive yield component for rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Outcome
- rice GYe0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- most significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“panicle number per hill was the most significant positive factor influencing rice GY”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle number per hill was positively correlated with all rice growth indicators.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- panicle number per hille1
- Outcome
- rice growth indicatorse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- p < 0.05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was significantly positively correlated with all rice growth indicators (p < 0.05)”
e1“panicle number per hill was the most significant positive factor influencing rice GY”
Claim · model-written summary
N180 secured over 95% of maximum grain yield.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N180 was the optimal N fertilizer rate, ensuring more than 95% of maximum GY”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N180 reduced nitrogen loss by 74% versus N300.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing N loss by 74% and 39% compared to N300, respectively”
t0“Rice”
e1“N180 was the optimal N fertilizer rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The average nitrogen balance under N180 remained below 60 kg N ha−1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average N balance for N180 remained below 60 kg N ha−1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend optimizing nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields to maintain yield and minimize pollution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- maintain stable rice GY and minimize environmental pollutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimizing the N fertilizer application in paddy fields can effectively maintain stable rice GY and minimize environmental pollution”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
931 papers in the same direction as this paper · 56 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
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