Abstract
Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to soil-borne pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 and Streptomyces scabies, which cause black scurf and common scab, respectively. These pathogens persist in the soil and are difficult to control using conventional chemical methods. Therefore, biocontrol agents such as Bacillus subtilis B4 and B. amyloliquefaciens B7 have emerged as promising alternatives due to their strong antagonistic activity and plant growth-promoting properties. Methods: Field trials were carried out using talc-based formulations of Bacillus spp., applied through tuber dipping (10 g and 15 g/L) and soil application (2.5 kg and 3.5 kg/25 kg of FYM), either individually or in combination. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing to determine colony-forming units (cfu/g) and evaluate rhizosphere persistence. Results: The combined treatment of tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg) resulted the highest CFU values. B. subtilis B4 reached 6.4 × 10⁹ and 7.3 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Though populations declined over time, viable counts of approximately ~ 5.9 log₁₀ CFU/g were still detected at 90 days. ANOVA significant effects (p<0.001) of treatment, bacterial strain, and sampling time, while yearly differences were non-significant. The same treatment enhanced emergence, plant vigor, and yield (213.75 qt/acre), while reducing disease severity compared with the control (143.00 qt/acre). Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis B4 and B. amyloliquefaciens B7 confirmed strong rhizosphere competency and disease suppression under field conditions. The integrated application method continued bacterial populations and improved plant performance, indicating that Bacillus-based bioformulations are a viable eco-friendly approach for controlling major potato diseases.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined tuber dipping and soil application gave the highest bacterial CFU values.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)e0
- Outcome
- CFU valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatment of tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg) resulted the highest CFU values.”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis B4 reached 6.4 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 2019.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis B4
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- B. subtilis B4e0
- Value
- 6.4 × 10⁹e0
- Qualifier
- 2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis B4 reached 6.4 × 10⁹ and 7.3 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 2019 and 2020, respectively.”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis B4 reached 7.3 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 2020.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- B. subtilis B4Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- B. subtilis B4e0
- Value
- 7.3 × 10⁹ cfu/ge0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis B4 reached 6.4 × 10⁹ and 7.3 × 10⁹ cfu/g in 2019 and 2020, respectively.”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial populations declined over time.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Though populations declined over time”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Viable bacterial counts remained approximately 5.9 log₁₀ CFU/g at 90 days.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- viable countse0
- Value
- ~ 5.9 log₁₀ CFU/ge0
- Qualifier
- 90 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“viable counts of approximately ~ 5.9 log₁₀ CFU/g were still detected at 90 days.”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment significantly affected bacterial counts.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- CFU valuese2
- Value
- p<0.001e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ANOVA significant effects (p<0.001) of treatment, bacterial strain, and sampling time”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“CFU values”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial strain significantly affected bacterial counts.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Material
- bacterial straine0
- Outcome
- CFU valuese2
- Value
- p<0.001e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ANOVA significant effects (p<0.001) of treatment, bacterial strain, and sampling time”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“CFU values”
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling time significantly affected bacterial counts.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- CFU valuese2
- Value
- p<0.001e0
- Setting
- sampling timee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ANOVA significant effects (p<0.001) of treatment, bacterial strain, and sampling time”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“CFU values”
Claim · model-written summary
Yearly differences in bacterial counts were not significant.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- yearly differencese0
- Direction
- non-significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yearly differences were non-significant”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combined treatment enhanced potato emergence and vigor.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)e2
- Outcome
- emergence, plant vigore0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment enhanced emergence, plant vigor, and yield (213.75 qt/acre), while reducing disease severity compared with the control (143.00 qt/acre).”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased potato yield to 213.75 qt/acre versus 143.00 qt/acre in the control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)e2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 213.75 qt/acree0
- Qualifier
- 143.00 qt/acree0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment enhanced emergence, plant vigor, and yield (213.75 qt/acre), while reducing disease severity compared with the control (143.00 qt/acre).”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment reduced potato disease severity relative to the control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)e2
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing disease severity compared with the control”
e1“Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
e2“tuber dipping (15 g/L) and soil application (3.5 kg)”
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