Abstract
A field experiment at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from July to December 2023 assessed the effectiveness of carbonaceous materials and herbicides on rainfed aman rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) and their effects on relay mustard (Brassica rapa L.). The study included treatments with no carbonaceous material (control), biochar (4 t ha-1), and biochar compost (4 t ha-1), along with herbicide combinations, including control and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (150 g ha-1), pretilachlor (1 L ha-1), a mixture of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) and pretilachlor (30%) (2 kg ha-1), and another mixture of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.15%) and pretilachlor (6%) (2 kg ha-1). The split-plot design included three replications and used BRRI dhan87 as a test rice variety. Mustard was seeded 15 days before rice harvest. The experimental field contained eight weed species from six families. The results showed significant effects at the 5% level on weed density, weed dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), and yield-related parameters. The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1). Similar results were noted with biochar compost interaction with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.15%) + pretilachlor (6%). Residual effects on mustard emergence indicated potential inhibitory effects of pretilachlor with carbonaceous amendments. This study suggests that combining biochar compost and herbicides effectively controls weeds and improves rice yields in rainfed areas.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the lowest weed density among treatments.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the lowest dry weight among treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the highest plant height among treatments (130.21 cm).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 130.21 cme0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the highest SPAD values among treatments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 among treatments (116.60).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- number of filled grains panicle-1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 116.60e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the highest 1000-grain weight among treatments (24.33 g).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 24.33 ge0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochar compost and herbicide mixture produced the highest grain yield among treatments (5.50 t ha-1).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.50 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of biochar compost with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.75%) + pretilachlor (30%) consistently outperformed other treatments, recording the lowest weed density and dry weight, the highest plant height (130.21 cm), SPAD values, number of filled grains panicle-1 (116.60), 1000-grain weight (24.33 g), and grain yield (5.50 t ha-1).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight weed species from six families occurred in the experimental field.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- eight weed species from six familiese0
- Setting
- experimental fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental field contained eight weed species from six families.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The second biochar compost and herbicide mixture had similar results.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biochar compost interaction with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.15%) + pretilachlor (6%)e0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were noted with biochar compost interaction with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (0.15%) + pretilachlor (6%).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretilachlor with carbonaceous amendments may inhibit mustard emergence.
- Taxon
- mustarde0
- Treatment
- pretilachlor with carbonaceous amendmentse0
- Outcome
- mustard emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitory effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Residual effects on mustard emergence indicated potential inhibitory effects of pretilachlor with carbonaceous amendments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining biochar compost and herbicides for weed control and rice yield in rainfed areas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- combining biochar compost and herbicidese0
- Setting
- rainfed arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests that combining biochar compost and herbicides effectively controls weeds and improves rice yields in rainfed areas.”
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8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.