Abstract
A field experiment titled “Effect of Mulching Materials and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was conducted during the Zaid season of 2024 at the Agriculture Farm, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, on loamy sand soil. The experiment involved four mulching treatments (no mulch, white plastic mulch, black polythene mulch, and wheat straw mulch) and four biofertilizer treatments (control, Azotobacter, VAM, and Azotobacter + VAM), resulting in a total of 16 treatment combinations. These were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The results indicated that black polythene mulch significantly improved plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), as well as gross and net returns, compared to the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatments. Wheat straw and white plastic mulch were statistically at par with each other but superior to the control. Similarly, the combined application of Azotobacter + VAM significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), and economic returns compared to the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alone. Azotobacter and VAM individually showed similar performance to each other and were both significantly better than the control.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch significantly improved tomato growth and floral traits relative to other mulches.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- black polythene mulche0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plante0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black polythene mulch significantly improved plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), as well as gross and net returns, compared to the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch significantly improved tomato floral traits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulche0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per clustere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black polythene mulch significantly improved plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), as well as gross and net returns, compared to the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch significantly improved tomato fruit yield per plot and hectare.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulche0
- Outcome
- fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black polythene mulch significantly improved plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), as well as gross and net returns, compared to the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch significantly improved gross and net returns.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulche0
- Outcome
- gross and net returnse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black polythene mulch significantly improved plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), as well as gross and net returns, compared to the control, wheat straw, and white plastic mulch treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw and white plastic mulches performed similarly but better than control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Wheat straw and white plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat straw and white plastic mulch were statistically at par with each other but superior to the control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Azotobacter and VAM significantly enhanced tomato growth and floral traits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Azotobacter + VAMe0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of Azotobacter + VAM significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), and economic returns compared to the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alone.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Azotobacter and VAM significantly enhanced tomato flower clusters.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Azotobacter + VAMe0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of flowers per clustere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of Azotobacter + VAM significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), and economic returns compared to the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alone.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Azotobacter and VAM significantly enhanced tomato yield per plot and hectare.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Azotobacter + VAMe0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of Azotobacter + VAM significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), and economic returns compared to the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alone.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Azotobacter and VAM significantly enhanced economic returns.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Azotobacter + VAMe0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of Azotobacter + VAM significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (q/ha), and economic returns compared to the control, Azotobacter alone, and VAM alone.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter and VAM alone performed similarly and better than control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter and VAM individuallye0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Second interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- significantly bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azotobacter and VAM individually showed similar performance to each other and were both significantly better than the control.”
t0“Tomato”
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